Exam #3: Leadership in Nursing & Nursing Organizations*** Flashcards
Leadership
“the strategic use of power to move others towards a vision”
-leadership is essential to management, but you don’t have to be a manager
Qualities of leaders
- based on influence: people believe in you
- an informal role
- an achieved position
Qualities of managers
- based on authority
- a formally designated role
- an assigned position
Great Man Theory
some are born to lead, some are born to be led
Behavioral Theories
based on type of motivators and how much control followers have in decision making
–>ex. autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire
Autocratic
- Behavioral Theory
- leader bears all responsibility (ex. code blue – one person giving orders)
Democratic
- Behavioral Theory
- shares planning/responsibility, less efficient, increases motivation within group (ex. unit policy making)
Laissez-Faire
- Behavioral Theory
- little planning/decision making, doesn’t really encourage others to participate, assumes everyone is highly motivated/educated, no clear leaders
Transactional Theories
- people are motivated by rewards and punishments
- leader delegates task
- followers complete task based on reward system
Transformational Theories
- creates a shared vision between leader and group
- proactive
- strong trust: leader and group have same purpose
- encourages participation/motivation within group
Leadership Qualities
- Integrity – honest, law abding, follow ethical code
- Courage
- Initiative- act on good ideas
- Energy- work hard, have suffiencent effort
- Optimism- being positive
- Perseverance- not giving up easily
- Balance- work with personal life
- Ability to handle stress – cope healthy
- Self-awareness- understand themselves/motivations
Leader Behaviors
- Think critically- question and analyze ideas before accepting/rejecting them
- Solve problems
- Respect people- recognize differences, find rewards meaningful to them
- Communicate skillfully- keep lines open, frequent feedback
- Set goals and a vision for the future- some common thread in group
- Develop oneself and others – guide in new nursing knowledge
Change
“the process of making something different from what it was” (Sullivan and Decker)
- may be planned or accidental
- change occurs → loss of control → anxiety
- change agent: brings change
Lewin’s Model of Change
model of change with three levels
- Unfreezing
- Moving
- Refreezing
Unfreezing (Lewin’s Model of Change)
leader builds trust/recognition for need to change, motivate people for change, generate alt solutions, get group involved to be more accepting of change
Moving (Lewin’s Model of Change)
encourage people to view change from new perspective, accept change
Refreezing (Lewin’s Model of Change)
reinforcing new patterns of behavior, informal/formal mechanisms to institute change, evaluate effects of change
Power
“the ability to influence the behavior of others to produce certain intended effects
• Necessary to leadership
• Active or latent
• Directly or indirectly
Types of power
- reward
- coercive
- legitimate
- expert
- referent
- information
- connection
- collective
Power: reward
inducements offered for cooperation or contributions (pay increase)
Power: coercive
based on perception of penalties that might be opposed (paycut)
Power: legitimate
stems from managers authority from a job position in an institutional hierarchy
Power: expert
possession of unique skills, knowledge and competence
Power: referent
admiration or respect for individual, charismatic personality
Power: information
access to valued data needed by others
