Exam #2: Education Opportunities and the Health Care System Flashcards
1
Q
Diploma Programs
A
- first type of nursing school in US
- hopsital-based nursing program
- 3 years or less
- no degree
- declining interest today –> most go for BSN
2
Q
Associate Degree Programs
A
- 2 year at junior/community college
- developed in 1952 by Mildred Montag
- initial scope was “bedside/technical” nurse
- curriculum more integrated
- popular b/c low cost, part time school, shorter duration
- concerns: AD nurses placed in inappropriate roles, may need additional orientation
3
Q
Who was Mildred Montag?
A
developed first associate degree program in 1952
4
Q
Baccalaureate Degree Programs
A
- broad scope of education
- increased socialization with non-nursing students
- ANA minimum prep for professional nursing practice
- four year at college/university
- RN to BSN: advanced placement (accelerated option)
5
Q
Graduate Education: Masters
A
-pre 1960, majority of graduate degrees were form other disciplines
PURPOSE: prepare professional nursing leaders in advanced practice, teaching, and administration
-programs vary in admission requirements, curriculum, length
–> advanced practice: clinical nurse specialist, NP, nurse anesthetist, midwifery
*clinically based, research focused, thesis/cumulative project, dual degree, graduate teaching/research assistant option
6
Q
Graduate Education: Doctoral
A
- four to six years
1. PhD: most prestigious, expected to expand theory/create new nursing knowledge
2. DNP: clinical doctorate, focus on advanced practice nursing or leadership with translational research
7
Q
Where was the first baccalaureate degree school at? When?
A
University of Minnesota in 1909
8
Q
Accreditation of Nursing Programs
A
- ensures quality
- approval by State Board
- -> NLNAC (National League for Nurse Accrediting Commission)
- -> CCNE (Commission on Collegiate Nursing Commission)
9
Q
Continuing Education
A
-ongoing learning required to effectively deliver quality healthcare
-26 states require CEUs
Sources:
-courses
-conferences/seminars
-journal articles
-inservices
-internet
10
Q
Practical (Vocational) Nursing
A
- LPN
- 12-18 month program
- direct pt care/little theory
11
Q
Nursing Assistant
A
unlicensed assistive personnel
- role: assist with ADLs
- operate under supervising nurse’s license
12
Q
Ambulatory Care
A
- no overnight stay
- -> physician office, community heath center, urgent care, clinic, birthing center, hospice
13
Q
Hospitals
A
- numerous departments
- largest number of personnel
- licensed by state
- diversified services
14
Q
Federal Government (care)
A
- VA
- Dept of Justice
- Health Resources and Services Administration
- Indian Health Service
- Medicare
15
Q
State Government (care)
A
- medicaid
- mental health institutions
- public health services
16
Q
Local Government (care)
A
city/county health department
17
Q
Emergency Medical Services
A
- contractual relationship with city/county
- affiliation with hospital
- provide pre-hospital emergent care
- -> EMT, paramedics
18
Q
Home Health Care
A
- basic to advanced services
- may assist in obtaining/coordinating other health care services
- private or hospital affiliation
19
Q
Long-Term Care
A
assisted living, nursing home
20
Q
Chiropractors
A
- treat structural/neurological problems
- 4 years of study
- recognized as doctors of chiropractic
21
Q
Laboratory
A
- analysis of blood, tissues, or fluids
1. Medical Technologists: 4 year education, fork with microbiology section/blood bank
2. Certified Lab Tech: 2 year education, routine work
3. Phlebotomist: no education, draw blood
22
Q
Dentistry
A
- treat oral disease/disorder
1. Dentists: undergrad + 3-4 years of study
2. Dental Hygienists: 2-4 years of education, see pts, take x-rays, clean teeth
3. Denturists: 2 year education (make dentures/crowns/ridges)
4. Dental Assistants
23
Q
Nutrition
A
- Dietitians: 4 year degree, select diets, counseling, management
- Dietetic Technician: 2 year degree, assist dietitian
24
Q
Health Services Management
A
- Hospital Administrator
- Financial Manager
- Information systems
- Materials Management
- HR
- ->work on strategic planning, ensuring safety/quality, masters degree
25
Medical Records
- ->prepare, collate, and organize pt records
- provide info for reimbursement
1. Registered Record Administrator: 4 year degree
2. Record Technician: 2 year degree
3. Health Information Management Specialist: oversees dept
26
Medicine
- ->prevent, diagnose, and treat disease/injury
1. MD: doctor of medicine
2. DO: doctor of osteopathy
- 4 years after undergraduate (2 clinical years + 2 classwork), 3-5 years of residency, 2-3 years of fellowship to specialize
27
Physical Assistants
- -> assist physician in practice
- education ranges from certificate to masters degree
- residency available
- under direct supervision of physician
28
Medical Assistants
- employed in physician offices
- clinical tasks (vitals, etc)
- insurance/billing
- maintain pt records
- 1 year certificate to 2 year degree
29
EMT vs. paramedic
EMT: basic life support, first aid, transport (110 hour course)
Paramedic: advanced life support (allowed to intubate, etc) (600/1000 hour program to 2 year degree)
30
Nursing Support
1. Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (CNA)
2. Surgical Tech
3. Psychiatric-Mental Health Tech
4. Unit Clerk
31
Pharmacy
- ->dispense pharmacologic agents and consult with physicians
1. Pharmacist: 6-8 years of education, optional 1-2 year residency, 1-2 year fellowship
2. Pharmacy Tech: assist in dispensing medications (on job training)
32
Psychology
- -> treating mental illness
1. Psychiatrist: physician
2. Psychologist: masters/doctoral education (may/may not have prescriptive privileges depending on state)
33
Radiology
1. Radiologists: physicians who interpret radiographic studies (x-rays/ultrasounds)
2. Radiologic Tech: complete x-rays
3. Radiation Therapy Technician: provide radiation therapy
4. Nuclear Medicine Tech
34
Rehabilitation Services
- ->assist with physical/psychosocial problems
1. OT: 6 year education, assist with ADLs
2. PT: doctorate, restore function/prevent injury
3. Prosthetists: create artificial limbs
4. Orthotists: make braces
5. Recreation Therapists: use music, gardening, etc for therapy
35
Respiratory Therapy
- ->administer oxygen/other gases, breathing treatments, maintain mechanical ventilators
1. Respiratory Therapists: four year degree
36
Social Work
- ->assists in resolving social issues using community/governmental resources
- masters degree most common
37
Speech
1. Speech-Language Pathologist: treat speech/language disorders
2. Audiologist: treat hearing disorders
- -> both master's degrees
38
Vision
1. Ophthalmologist: physician who treats eye diseases, prescribes corrective lens, does eye surgery
2. Optometrist: 7 year education, treat eye disorders with corrective lens/exercises
3. Optician: makes corrective lens, 2 year degree, on job training
39
Child Life Specialist
- ->supervise therapeutic/diversional play in way child can understand
- prepare children for medical tests/procedures
- support families
- 4 year degree (master's available)
