Exam 3 into to toxicology Flashcards
what is toxicology
the study of the adverse effects of chemical or physical agent on living systems
what is a toxin
a poisonous substance produced by living cells
what is a toxicant
a man-made chemical introduced into the environment that produces toxic effects on living cells
what are the 3 parts of risk assessment
mechanistic, regulatory and descriptive toxicology
what does mechanistic toxicology mean
identify how toxic substances alter normal cellular function
what does regulatory toxicology mean
assess the safety of exposure levels of toxic substances
what does descriptive toxicology mean
identify phenotypic changes resulting from exposure to toxic substances
difference between local and systemic toxic responces
local-effect observed at site of contact or portal of entry
systemic- effect observed at site distant from contact or portal of entry
difference between immediate and delayed toxic response
immediate- seconds to hours
delayed- days to years
difference between reversible and irreversible toxic responses
reversible- effect abates after stopping exposure
irreversible- effect persists after stopping exposure
what does LOAEL mean
lowest observable adverse effect level/first does that causes effect
what does NOAEL mean
no observable adverse effect level/ highest dose with no effect
variability in response makes a
normal distribution curve
what is the dose normally set to
the level below what the sensitive people have effect
what are some examples of things that are not set to the sensitive individuals
alcohol and fish for pregnant people
