Exam 3 excretion

Question 1

what are the 4 mechanisms of renal excretion and where they take plase

Answer 1

filtration- glomerulus, active tubular secretion-proximal tubule, tubular reabsorption- distal tubule and biotransformation-liver

Question 2

what determines glomerular filtration

Answer 2

number of functional nephrons, molecular size <5000, protein binding, renal blood flow

Question 3

what is the slope on a graph for glomerular filtration look like

Answer 3

a negative linear slope

Question 4

as aging occurs the number of nephrons

Answer 4

decrease

Question 5

as creatine clearance is reduced in a pt with renal disease, what happens to the elimination of drugs via the kidney

Answer 5

goes down

Question 6

T/F high molecule weight drugs would be unaffected by renal disease

Answer 6

true

Question 7

active tubular secretion involves

Answer 7

transporters

Question 8

drugs that undergo the ATS are susceptible to

Answer 8

competitive interactions

Question 9

drugs that undergo ATS can exhibit

Answer 9

stereoselective renal excretion

Question 10

what are the 2 forms of tubular reabsorption

Answer 10

passive and carrier-mediated reabsorption

Question 11

what drives passive reabsorption

Answer 11

concentration gradient

Question 12

what determines passive reabsorption

Answer 12

lipophilicity and pKa

Question 13

what influences passive reabsorption

Answer 13

urine flow and urine pH

Question 14

carrier mediated reabsorption is

Answer 14

saturable

Question 15

what are some examples of carrier mediated reabsorption

Answer 15

ascorbic acid and glucose

Question 16

as solutes traverse the tubules, they concentrate due to the reabsorption of

Answer 16

water

Question 17

why drink a lot of water for some drugs

Answer 17

drugs can precipitate out if concentration is high

Question 18

what happens to the reabsorption as urine flow is increased

Answer 18

decreases

Question 19

what is the active form of vitamin D

Answer 19

1,25 (OH)2D3

Question 20

hepatic elimination consists of

Answer 20

metabolism and biliary excretion

Question 21

what is the enterohepatic cycle

Answer 21

small intestine-portal vein-liver-bileduct-small intestine

Question 22

drugs enter liver lobule from hepatic portal vein or artery through

Answer 22

sinusoids

Question 23

blood flows from outside to inside of

Answer 23

lobule

Question 24

T/F endothelium of sinusoid is very porus

Answer 24

true

Question 25

drug transporters are important for ___ and ___ from the blood and for ___ into bile

Answer 25

uptake and efflux, transport

Question 26

hepactocyes secrete bile into

Answer 26

canaliculi

Question 27

canaliculi converge to from

Answer 27

small bile ductules

Question 28

bile is moved to the gall bladder via

Answer 28

hepatic ducts

Question 29

bile is released into intestine by

Answer 29

intervals from gall bladder

Question 30

compounds that enter the bile are classified into 3 groups

Answer 30

A,B,C

Question 31

which compound class requires active transport

Answer 31

Class B

Question 32

pulmonary excretion only uses

Answer 32

passive diffusion