Exam 3: Infection prevention and control Flashcards
Infection
results when a pathogen invades tissues and begins growing within a host
Colonization
Presence and growth of microorganisms within a host without tissue invasion or damage
Chain of infection
Infectious agent Reservoir Portal of exit Modes of transmission Portal of entry Susceptible host
Examples of reservoirs
Food, oxygen, water, temperature, pH, light
Examples of portal of exit
Skin and mucous membranes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, reproductive tract, blood
Defenses against infection
Normal floras Body system defenses Inflammation -Vascular and cellular responses -Inflammatory exudate -Tissue repair
Health care - associated infections (HAIs)
Occur as the result of
- Invasive procedures - Antibiotic administration - Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) - Breaks in infection prevention and control activities
Factors influencing infection prevention and control
Age
Nutritional Status
Stress
Disease Process
Signs and symptoms of infection
Fever Fatigue n/v Inflammation: tissue/lymph Purulent drainage/exudate Confusion Elevated WBCs Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate Positive cultures
Role of infection control professional
Collection and analysis of infection data
Evaluation of products and procedures
Development and review of policies and procedures
Consultation
Education
Implementation of changes
Application of epidemiological principles
Antimicrobial management
Participation in research projects
Monitoring antibiotic-resistant organisms in the institution
Five moments for hand hygiene
Before touching patient Before clean/aespectic procedure After body fluid exposure risk After touching a patient After touching patient surroundings
Surgical asepsis
Patient preparation for a sterile procedure Performing sterile procedures Donning and removing caps, masks, and eyewear Opening sterile packages Opening a sterile item on a flat surface Opening a sterile item while holding it Preparing a sterile field Pouring sterile solutions Surgical scrub Applying sterile gloves Donning a sterile gown
Apply standard precautions
Use clean gloves when you anticipate contact with body fluids and nonintact skin or mucous membranes.
Use gown, mask, and eye protection when there is a risk for splash.
Keep bedside table surfaces clutter-free, clean, and dry when performing aseptic procedures.
Clean all equipment that is shared between patients.
Ensure that patients cover mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, use tissues to contain respiratory secretions, and dispose of tissues in waste receptacle.
