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Nursing 314: Assessing and Promoting Wellness > 1: Medication Administration > Flashcards

1: Medication Administration Flashcards

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1
Q

Therapeutic effect

A

expected or predicted physiological response

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2
Q

adverse effect

A

unintended, undesirable, often unpredictable

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3
Q

Types of adverse effects

A

side effects
toxic effects
idiosyncratic reaction

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4
Q

side effect

A

predictable, unavoidable, secondary effect

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5
Q

Toxic effect

A

accumulation of medication in the bloodstream

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6
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

Overreaction, underreaction, different reaction from normal

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7
Q

Allergic reaction

A

unpredictable response to a medication, can be life threatening

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8
Q

medication interactions

A

one medication modifies the action of another

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9
Q

medication tolerance

A

more medication required to achieve the same therapeutic effect

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10
Q

Medication dependence

A

Physical and psychological

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11
Q

Medication legislation and standards

A

federal regulations
state and local regulation of medication
nurse practice acts

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12
Q

PRN order must….

A

list indication, know why the patient is taking it

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13
Q

Type do communication for orders

A 
Handwritten 
Computer provider order entry
Preprinted
telephone 
verbal
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14
Q

When communicating order verbally or through the phone….

A

Nurse MUST repeat order back to the prescriber

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15
Q

Types of medication orders

A

automatic “stop” date
STAT order
Now order
PRN order

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16
Q

Automatic “stop” date

A

EX) taking an antibiotic daily for 5 days

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17
Q

STAT order

A

Give immediately

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18
Q

Now order

A

RN has up to 90 minutes to give the drug

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19
Q

PRN order

A

As needed

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20
Q

Cutting/crushing/opening medication can alter…

A

dose
delivery
absorption
efficacy

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21
Q

7 rights

A 
Time 
Patient
Route
Drug
Dose
Documentation
Indication
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22
Q

Basic 5 rights during the 3 checks

A 
Patient 
Drug
Dose 
Route 
Time
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23
Q

What makes a medication a high risk?

A

high risk of negative effect when used incorrectly

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24
Q

Examples of high risk medications

A 
Heparin/other anticoagulants 
Insulin 
Opioids 
Chemotherapy 
Psychotropic drugs
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25
Q

What should you do when a medication error occurs

A

Asses patient condition and assess medication
When patient is stable, report incident
Document

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26
Q

What should you do when there is a near miss and incidents that cause no harm?

A

still report

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27
Q

Medication action

A 
Onset
peak 
trough 
plateau 
duration
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28
Q

Onset

A

time needed to produce a response

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29
Q

Peak

A

time needed to reach maximum efficacy

30
Q

Trough

A

lowest blood level of drug immediately prior to next dose

31
Q

Plateau

A

When the blood level of drug reaches a therapeutic level after repeated doses

32
Q

Duration

A

time drug is present at a level to cause a response

33
Q

Example of oral medication

A

Swallow
sublingual
buccal

34
Q

Examples of topical medication

A 
Ointment 
liniment 
lotion 
paste
transdermal disk/patch
35
Q

Examples of parenteral medication (via needle)

A

Intradermal
subcutaneous
intramuscular
intravenous

36
Q

Examples of instillation into body cavities

A

suppository/troche

creams/drops/ointments

37
Q

Examples of inhalation medication

A

inhalers

nebulizers

38
Q

Examples of intraocular medication

A

intraocular disc
eye drops
eye ointments

39
Q

How to pick a syringe during parenteral administration

A

Use the smallest capacity syringe to administer required volume

40
Q

2 things to consider when selecting a needle

A

Length and gauge

41
Q

If medication is given intramuscularly, how long should the needle be?

A

longer needle in order to reach the muscle, or if individual has a higher fat content

42
Q

Id medication is given subcutaneously, how long should the needle be?

A

Shorter than IM, but longer the ID, it’s just below the skin and into the fat layer

43
Q

Larger gauge number =

A

Smaller diameter

44
Q

If blood is thick, what gauge is preferred? 16 or 25?

A

16G is preferred as it has a larger diameter

45
Q

Intradermal route is ____ the skin layers

A

Between the skin laters

46
Q

How long should the needle be for a intradermal route

A

Very short/fine gauge needle

47
Q

What degree should intradermal be

A

5-10 degrees

48
Q

a subcutaneous route is ____ the skin and ____ fat layer

A

below the skin and into the fat layer

49
Q

Needle length for a subcutaneous

A

Slightly longer, larger gauge needle

50
Q

What degree should a subcutaneous route be used?

A

45-90 degrees, however it depends on fat content

51
Q

an individual with less fat, receiving a subcutaneous injection, should receive what degree?

A

45 degrees

52
Q

an individual with a higher fat content, receiving a subcutaneous injection, should receive what degree

A

90 degree

53
Q

Intramuscular injections require what kind of needle/gauge

A

Longer and same or larger gauge needles

54
Q

What degree should an intramuscular injection be injected at

A

90 degrees!

55
Q

When are intradermal injections used

A

Skin testing, like TB or allergies

56
Q

what type of needle is used for a intradermal injection

A

Tuberculin or small hypodermic needle

57
Q

Volume for intradermal injection

A

Very small, volume of 0.1 mL

58
Q

What will form during a intradermal injection

A

A bleb/wheal will form as you inject

59
Q

Sites for subcutaneous injection

A

abdomen, legs, back of arm, below scapula, top of buttocks

60
Q

What type of injection absorbs faster?

A

Intramuscular

61
Q

Aspiration

A

after insertion of needle, BEFORE INJECTION, pull back plunger to see if blood appears in syringe

62
Q

preferred and safest site for all adults, children, and infants for injection

A

Ventrogluteal site

63
Q

injection site used for adults and children, often used for infants, toddlers, and children receiving biologicals

A

Vastus lateralis

64
Q

injection site for a volume less than 2 mL, not well developed in many adults

A

Deltoid

65
Q

all intramuscular injections should be inserted at an angle of

A

90 degrees

66
Q

What area of the body should IM not be used?

A

buttocks because high risk for injury to the sciatica and presence of major blood vessels near the site

67
Q

Why are ampules used?

A

Ampules are 100% glass container and some medications interact with plastic or rubber

68
Q

Steps for using an ampule

A
  • snap at neck, PROTECT fingers with ampule opener, alcohol pad, gauze
  • USE filter to draw to capture shards
  • REMOVE or CHANGE needle prior to injecting into tissue, IV line, or IV bag
69
Q

Should needles be recapped after they have been used?

A

NO!! but needles can be covered by a sheath/protective cover into the sharps container

70
Q

What happens with unused needles?

A

They can be recapped, but use the scoop method to avoid poking finger

Nursing 314: Assessing and Promoting Wellness (26 decks)

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