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Nursing 314: Assessing and Promoting Wellness > 1: Pain assessment and management > Flashcards

1: Pain assessment and management Flashcards

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1
Q

is pain subjective or objective?

A

Pain is subjective and individualized

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2
Q

How can pain be objective

A

it is not measurably objective, although we can report objective evidence

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3
Q

Transduction

A

stimulus converted into energy

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4
Q

Transmission

A

electrical impulses communicated

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5
Q

perception

A

recognition in the brain

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6
Q

modulation

A

release of inhibitors

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7
Q

Gate control theory

A
  • First theory propose emotional and cognitive components of pain
  • Gates along the nervous system open/close to allow or block pain impulses
  • Explains pain threshold and why sometimes vital signs do not change
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8
Q

Noniceptive

A

Normal stimulation of peripheral nerve endings

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9
Q

What does nociceptive stimulation respond to

A

Non opioids and/or opioids

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10
Q

Classification of pain

A
  • Nociceptive

- Neuropathic

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11
Q

Neuropathic

A

Abnormal processing of sensory input by peripheral OR central nervous system

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12
Q

Example of neuropathic pain

A

Phantom limb pain

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13
Q

Diabetic neuropathy

A

Tingling, burning, etc.

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14
Q

Types of pain

A
  • Acute (Transient pain)
  • Chronic episodic
  • Chronic persistent
  • Idiopathic
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15
Q

Chronic episodic

A

Sporadically over an extended duration (migraines)

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16
Q

Chronic persistent

A

Not protective, has no purpose, may or may not have an identifiable cause

17
Q

Idiopathic

A

Chronic pain without identifiable cause

18
Q

Factors that influence pain experience

A
  • Physiological
  • Social
  • Psychological
  • Pain tolerance
  • Cultural
19
Q

Sympathetic reaction to pain

A 
Increase..
Cortisol level 
RR, HR,BP 
Blood glucose 
-Sweating (Diaphoresis)
-Muscle Tension 
-Dilation of pupils and bronchial tubes 
Decreased gastrointestinal motility
20
Q

Parasympathetic responses to pain

A

Pallor
decreased HR/BP
Rapid irregular breathing
Nausea and vomiting

21
Q

Is sleep an indication of pain?

A

NO!

22
Q

Intractable pain

A

Severe, constant, not curable, bed bound/house bound

23
Q

Phantom pain

A

Pain in a body part that is no longer there

24
Q

Referred pain

A

Pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus

25
Q

Pain threshold

A

The paint at which a person feels pain

26
Q

Pain tolerance

A

level of pain you are willing to accept

27
Q

Radiating

A

Pain extends from initial site to other part

28
Q

Negative outcomes of pain

A 
Decreased socialization/withdrawal 
Decreased ability to do ADLs
Fatigue 
sleep disturbance 
irritability 
Malnutrition 
stress
depression
29
Q

OLD CART

A 
Onset 
Location 
Duration 
Characteristics 
Aggravating factors 
Relieving factores 
Treatment
30
Q

NANDA pain

A 
Activity intolerance 
Anxiety 
Fatigue 
Insomnia 
Impaired social interaction 
ineffective coping 
Impaired physical mobility 
Impaired mood regulation
31
Q

Non pharmacological pain relief

A

Cognition and behavioral approach
Relaxation and guided imagery
Music
Cutaneous stimulation

32
Q

Pharmacological pain relief intervention

A

Topicals: ointments, creams, patches

Analgesia

33
Q

Bolos/loading dose of analgesia

A

to get on top of the pain

34
Q

Basal dose of analgesia

A

Consistent to maintain plasma level

35
Q

PCA dose of analgesia

A

On demand

36
Q

Acute care pain therapies

A

Epidural
Local anesthesia
Perineural local anesthetic infusion

37
Q

Goal of palliative care

A

Learn how to live life fully with an incurable condition

Nursing 314: Assessing and Promoting Wellness (26 decks)

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