1: Pain assessment and management Flashcards
is pain subjective or objective?
Pain is subjective and individualized
How can pain be objective
it is not measurably objective, although we can report objective evidence
Transduction
stimulus converted into energy
Transmission
electrical impulses communicated
perception
recognition in the brain
modulation
release of inhibitors
Gate control theory
- First theory propose emotional and cognitive components of pain
- Gates along the nervous system open/close to allow or block pain impulses
- Explains pain threshold and why sometimes vital signs do not change
Noniceptive
Normal stimulation of peripheral nerve endings
What does nociceptive stimulation respond to
Non opioids and/or opioids
Classification of pain
- Nociceptive
- Neuropathic
Neuropathic
Abnormal processing of sensory input by peripheral OR central nervous system
Example of neuropathic pain
Phantom limb pain
Diabetic neuropathy
Tingling, burning, etc.
Types of pain
- Acute (Transient pain)
- Chronic episodic
- Chronic persistent
- Idiopathic
Chronic episodic
Sporadically over an extended duration (migraines)