Exam 2: Activity and Exercise Flashcards
Ligaments
Bind joints and connect bones
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
Cartilage
Shock absorber between articulating bones
Skeletal system involve
joints
ligaments
tendons
cartilage
Skeletal muscles determine and contribute to
Determine shape, form, and movement
Contribute to posture
Nervous system regulates
Movement and posture
balance/alignment
proprioception (CN 8) where you are in relation to other things
Awareness of body positions and parts
Benefits of mobility and exercise
Keepts us fit and control weight combat health conditions and disease improves mood and attitude manage stress boosts energy promotes better sleep improves health Goal: 30 minutes every day
Pathologies influencing activity tolerance
Musculoskeletal abnormalities neurological abnormalities metabolic diseases hypoxemia decreased cardiac function physical stability poor fitness pain infection chemical dependency
Scientific knowledge base?
Nature of movement
alignment and balance
gravity and friction
Unsteady patients fall If their
center of gravity becomes unbalanced
Factors that influence activity and exercise
Developmental changes behavioral cultural and ethnic influences environmental: --- resources, weather, work site, schools, community
Restoration of activity and chronic illness
Coronary artery disease
hypertension
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
diabete mellitus
Americans with disability’s act (1991)
Workers have right for special adaptations based on disability
Functional assessment
standing, sitting posture/alignment ROM/ gait exercise history ADLs Independent living skills
Planning for activity and exercise
Goals and outcomes
Setting priorities
Teamwork and collaboration
Goal of activity and exercise
Improve or maintain the patients motor function and independence
Implementation of activity and exercise
Health promotion Acute care early mobility Helping a patient walk Restorative and continuing care
Rehabilitation
process of learning to live with and manage chronic and disabling conditions, often those resulting form trauma
Goal of rehabilitation
patient will return to the best possible physical mental, social, vocational, and economic capacity
Nurses told in rehab
Advocate fro patient monitor progress patient education/support coordinate holistic care resource to team communication plans discharge collaborate with an interdisciplinary team
Helping patients exercise
Assess limitations know patients prior mobility level allow CV system to stabilize if goin from lying to standing teach breathing skills during ambulation assess joint limitations proper footwear move at own pace teach body mechanic and posture vital signs before and after pain control
Mobility aids
Shoes/slippers lifts chairs/wheelchairs raised toilets gait belt walkers cane crutches handle grips
Helping adults to exercise
Avoid prolonged sitting get up and stretch teach good body alignment use stronger joints or larger muscle groups planned exercise assess/increase weight bearing never too late to start exercising adjust exercise to age if needed Sit and be fit programs
Safety for the nurses
Use proper equipment correctly encourage patients to assist if able Proper body alignment Position close to object work as a team
Correct body alignment
Head is erect Body symmetrical Spine: straight with normal curvatures abdomen tucked knees: Straight line between hips/ankles feet on floor pointed forward arms hang comfortably center of gravity is midline and low Face direction of movement, AVOID twisting Back straight but do NOT use to lift
Injuries very common to nurses
MS
Application to nursing
be familiar with hospital policies on lifting/transferring patients
receive proper training for moving patients
use research standard and guidelines for position and transferring patient
use life teams and patient handling equipment to prevent injury to self
Guidelines for exercise program
Assess fitness level Design fitness program Assemble equipment Get started Monitor progress
Spinal stenosis
Narrowing of open spaces within spine which puts pressure on spinal cord and nerves
Symptoms of spinal stenosis
Numbness, weakness, tingling in leg, arm, or hand, feeding deficits, bowel and bladder incontinence, pain
Causes of spinal stenosis
Genetic, overgrowth of bone, herniated disks, thickening ligaments, tumors, injuries
Look at assessment for spinal stenosis
