Exam 3 Full Overview Flashcards
Cut in half lengthwise
Bivalve
The weight pulling against the weight of the traction
Countertraction force
Back
Dorsum
Metal device inserted into or through one or more bones to stabilize fragments of a fracture while it heals
External fixator
Muscular weakness or partial paralysis affecting one side of the body
Hemiparesis
One-sided paralysis
Hemiplegia
Massage or debridement by moving water
Hydrotherapy
Pneumonia caused by stasis of ling secretions due to inactivity, which provides a medium for bacterial growth
Hypostatic pneumonia
Rendering a part incapable of moving
Immobilization
Exercises performed against resistance
Isometric exercises
Moving
Kinetic
Soft material, often with an adhesive backing, used especially on the feet to protect against chafing
Moleskin
Rectangular frame to which traction equipment may be attached
Over-the-bed frame
Person who is paralyzed in the legs and lower part of the body
Paraplegic
Feeling of numbness or tingling
Paresthesia
Artificial body part
Prosthesis
The act of pouring over or through, especially the passage of a fluid through the vessels of a specific organ; circulation of blood through tissue
Perfusion
Individuals who are paralyzed in all four limbs
Quadriplegics
Bandage for supporting a part
Sling
Figure-of-eight cast
Spica cast
Device that protects an injured body part by immobilizing it
Splint
The act of drawing or exerting a pulling force, as along the axis of a structure
Traction
Overhead bar on a bed, which the patient can grab
Trapeze bar
Localized infection consisting of an accumulation of purulent material made up of debris from phagocytosis when microorganisms have been present
Abscess
Fibrous bands that holds together parts that are normally separated
Adhesion
Fatty; composed of fat cells
Adipose
The generation of new blood vessels
Angiogenesis
To close together, as in wound healing
Approximate
Degree of closure of a wound
Approximation
Support bandage that wraps around the breasts or abdomen and is secured with ties, Velcro, or elastic
Binder
Acute, spreading inflammation of the deep subcutaneous tissues and sometimes muscle, which may be associated with abscess formation
Cellulitis
Fibrous structural protein of all connective tissue
Collagen
Removal of foreign or unhealthy tissue from a wound
Debridement
Redness of the skin caused by congestion of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin that occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation
Erythema
Slough produced by a thermal burn, corrosive material or gangrene
Eschar
Fluid in or on tissue surfaces that has escaped from blood vessels in response to inflammation and that contains protein and cellular debris
Exudate
Insoluble protein essential to clotting
Fibrin
Abnormal, tubelike passage within a body tissue, usually between two internal organs or leading from an internal organ to the body surface
Fistula
Connective tissue with multiple small blood vessels
Granulation tissue
Arrest of the escape of blood by natural (clot formation or vessel spasm) or artificial (compression) means, or the interruption of blood flow to a part
Hemostasis
Having poorly functioning immune systems
Immunocompromised
The skin covering the body
Integument
Permanent raised, enlarged scar
Keloid
Torn, ragged, or mangles wound
Laceration
Breakdown, disintegration; also reduction or abatement
Lysis
The softening of tissue that increases the chance of trauma or infection
Maceration
Any of the mononuclear phagocytes found in tissues
Macrophages
Local death of tissue from disease or injury
Necrosis
The engulfing of microorganisms and foreign particles by phagocytes
Phagocytosis
Clumping of platelets during wound healing
Platelet aggregation
Type of wound healing (closure) for wounds with little tissue loss, such as a surgical incision
Primary intention
Containing thick, typically white-yellow or yellow exudate, caused by infection
Purulent
Bloody
Sanguineous
Type of wound healing for wounds with tissue loss, as in pressure injuries; the wound remains open and fills with scar tissue
Secondary intention
Composed of serum and blood
Serosanguineous
Canal or passageway leading to an abscess
Sinus
When a layer of dead tissue separates from living tissue; to shed dead tissue
Sloughing
The formation of purulent matter
Suppuration
Type of wound healing; delayed or secondary closure, such as a draining abdominal wound
Tertiary intention
Absence of urine
Anuria
Insertion of a tube into a body channel or cavity
Catheterization
Chair with a container inserted to catch urine or feces
Commode chair
Condom with a tube attached to the distal end that is attached to a drainage bag
Condom catheter
Massage from top of bladder to bottom by starting above the pubic bone and rocking the palm of the hand steadily downward
Crede maneuver
Inflammation of the bladder
Cystitis
Painful urination
Dysuria
Nighttime loss of bladder control; bedwetting
Enuresis
Glucose in the urine
Glycosuria
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
Administration of a liquid drop by drop
Instillation
Acetone bodies in the urine
Ketonuria
Urination
Micturition
Voiding during the night
Nocturia
Diminished amount of urine formation
Oliguria
Production of an excessive amount of urine
Polyuria
Excess of serum proteins in the urine
Proteinuria
Purulent exudate in the urine
Pyuria
Urine left in the bladder after urination
Residual urine
Narrowed lumen
Stricture
Above the pubic bone
Suprapubic
Involuntary emission of urine from the body
Urinary incontinence
Urine retained in the bladder after voiding
Urinary retention
Expelling urine
Urination
Instrument that measures the specific gravity (thinness or thickness) of urine
Urinometer
Artificial opening on the abdomen through which urine drains
Urostomy
Excrete urine
Void
Opening of the rectum at the skin
Anus
Device or apparatus used for therapy or to improve function
Appliance
Decrease in size or a wasting away of a cell, tissue, organ, or part
Atrophy
Orange or yellow digestive fluid produced by the liver
Bile
Program of timing bowel movements and the scheduling toileting to promote a regular evacuation time
Bowel training program
Liquefied food and digestive juices
Chyme
Artificial opening (stoma) created in the large intestine and brought to the surface of the abdomen for evacuating the bowels
Colostomy
Decreased frequency of bowel movement or passage of hard, dry feces
Constipation
Expel feces
Defecate
Frequent loose stool
Diarrhea
Discharged fecal matter
Effluent
Abrasion of the skin
Excoriation
Collection of hardened feces in the rectum or colon
Fecal impaction
Involuntary passage of feces
Fecal incontinence
Intestinal waste matter
Feces
Intestinal gas released from the anus
Flatus
Increase in intestinal and colonic peristaltic activity following the arrival of food into the empty stomach
Gastrocolic reflex
Enlarged veins inside or just outside the rectum
Hemorrhoid
Opening surgically created at the ileum to divert intestinal contents after lower portions of the bowel have been surgically removed
Ileostomy
Blood that has changed into a dark, tarry substance as it moves through the stomach or small intestine
Melena
Hidden or concealed
Occult
Diversion of intestinal contents from their normal path, resulting in an artificial opening into the intestine
Ostomy
Obstruction of the intestines from inhibition of bowel motility
Paralytic ileus
Area around a stoma
Periostomal
The action caused by muscle fibers in a tubular organ that propels contents through the organ in waves
Peristalsis
Distal portion of the large intestine where the feces are stored
Rectum
Circular muscle that closes an orifice
Sphincter
Stools with an abnormally high fat content
Steatorrhea
Opening
Stoma
Waste eliminated from the colon
Stool
Activation of the vagal nerve
Vagal response
Closure of glottis and tightening of abdominal muscles after intra-abdominal pressure increases when one holds ones breath; may result in involuntary defecation
Valsalva maneuver
Blood in the stool is caused by
Hemorrhoids
A patient on bed rest is at risk for
Constipation
Skin irritation from incontinence is also known as
Excoriation
The normal color for a stoma is
Pink/red
Drainage diversion from the small bowel is known as
Ileostomy
Treatment for diarrhea includes
A clear liquid diet
An over-the-counter remedy for constipation that interferes with vitamin absorption is
Mineral oil
Increased peristalsis may cause
Diarrhea
A patient with discomfort due to flatus may be relieved with a
Rectal tube
An example of an open wound is a
Laceration
A wound that requires the removal of eschar will appear
Black
A type of dressing that allows the nurse to assess the wound without removing it is called
OpSite
What type of wound debridement is best used on small, uninfected wounds
Autolytic
What is the average hourly urine output in mL for an adult
30
What technique should be used when irrigating a urinary drainage system
Aseptic technique
A catheter that uses an inflated balloon to maintain placement in the bladder is
Retention
Frequent urinary urgency and burning during urination are common symptoms of
Cystitis
The normal urine pH is
5 to 7
A pouch collecting urine from a stoma is known as a
Urostomy
Urine remaining in the bladder after urination is known as
Urinary retention
Cloudy urine may indicate presence of
Bacteria
Finding of excess sugar in the urine is known as
Glycosuria
Where should the catheter drainage bag be kept in relation to the level of the bladder
Below
Besides pressure ulcers being a consequence of immobility, another complication that should be considered a priority is
Hypostatic pneumonia
Plaster casts and fiberglass casts differ in that plaster casts…
Take hours to fully dry
During the drying period, it is very important to protect a cast from
Uneven pressure
When a patient is immobilized, respiratory secretions can collect in the lower airways, leading to
Hypostatic pneumonia
To bandage and stabilize an elbow, knee, or ankle, use a
Figure-of-8-turn
