Exam 3 Flashcards
Excess of acid or depletion of alkaline substances in the blood and body tissues
Acidosis
Force that can move molecules into cells regardless of their electrical charge or the concentrations already in the cell
Active transport
Technique that involves the insertion of extremely fine, sterile needles into various points of the body to relieve pain or other symptoms, restoring balance
Acupuncture
Person who doubts the existence of God because it cannot be proved or disproved
Agnostic
Excess of alkaline or decrease of acid substances in the blood and body fluids
Alkolosis
The use of selected fragrances in lotions and inhalants in an effort to affect mood and promote health
Aromatherapy
Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
Data-gathering activities for the purpose of collecting a complete, relevant database from which a nursing diagnosis can be made
Assessment (data collection)
Person who does not believe in the existence of God
Atheist
When someone has been the recipient of a baptism
Baptized
Conviction or opinion that one considers to be true
Belief
Science based on the theory that health and disease are related to the function of the nervous system; Chiropractic manipulation involves adjustment and manipulation of the joints and adjacent tissues, particularly the spinal column
Chiropractic
Surgical removal of all or part of the penile foreskin
Circumcision
The outcome of clinical reasoning; The conclusion, decision, or opinion reached by the care provider
Clinical judgment
Collaborative type of plan of care referred to as an interdisciplinary care plan that provides a step-by-step approach to care of the patient
Clinical pathway/ Care map
Critical thinking in the clinical setting
Clinical reasoning
Christian sacrament in which the bread of the Eucharist is disturbed and consumed
Communion
Directed, purposeful, mental activity by which ideas are created and evaluated, plans are constructed, and desired outcomes are decided; It can occur inside and outside of the clinical setting
Critical thinking
Pieces of data or information that influence decisions
Cues
Knowledge of a peoples history and ancestry and an appreciation for their artistic expressions, foods, and celebrations
Cultural awareness
Knowing yourself, examining your own values, attitudes, beliefs, and prejudices
Cultural competence
Refraining from using offensive language, respecting accepted patterns of communication, and refraining from speaking in ways that are disrespectful of a persons cultural beliefs
Cultural sensitivity
Hispanic-American folk healer
Curandero, Curandera
Pieces of information on a specific topic
Data
Collection of facts and figures for analysis from which conclusions may be drawn
Database
Choosing the best actions to meet a desired goal
Decision making
Signs and symptoms that must be present for a particular nursing diagnosis to be appropriate
Defining characteristics
Removal of water from a tissue
Dehydration
Action requiring a providers order
Dependent nursing action
Regional variations of a language with different pronunciation, grammar, or world meaning
Dialects
The process by which substances move back and forth across a membrane until they are evenly distributed throughout the available space
Diffusion
To record, or the recording of pertinent data on the clinical record
Document, documentation
Fluid in interstitial spaces
Edema
Family or household with spared equality between men and women
Egalitarian
Mineral or a salt that is dissolved in body fluid
Electrolyte
Learning the concepts, values, and behavioral standards of a culture
Enculturation
Referring to a group within a race usually differentiated by geographic, religious, social, or language differences
Ethnic
Ones distinct culture based on shared ancestry, social experience, regional and/or national history
Ethnicity
The tendency of human beings to feel that their way of thinking, believing, and doing things is the only way or the only right way
Ethnocentrism
The causes of a problem
Etiologic factors
Judgment of the effectiveness of the interventions or plan
Evaluation
Specific statement of the goal the patient is expected to achieve as a result of nursing intervention
Expected outcome
Outside of the cell
Extracellular
Belief that cannot be proven or for which no material evidence exists
Faith
The movement of water and suspended substances outward through a semipermeable membrane
Filtration
The formation of a general principle or idea
Generalization
Broad statement describing what is to be accomplished over a specified period
Goal
Substances composed of herbs for health promotion
Herbals
Approach to health care that considers the biologic, psychological, sociologic, and spiritual aspects and needs of the person
Holistic
Pressure exerted by fluid
Hydrostatic pressure
Higher than normal level of calcium in the blood
Hypercalcemia
Abnormally high chloride in the blood
Hyperchloremia
Excessive amount of potassium in the blood
Hyperkalemia
Excess magnesium in the blood
Hypermagnesemia
Excess of sodium in the blood or a loss of body water
Hypernatremia
Excess phosphate in the blood
Hyperphosphatemia
Of greater concentration; having a greater tonicity than blood
Hypertonic
Pattern of breathing in which there is an increase in the rate and depth of breaths and carbon dioxide is “blown off”, causing the blood level of carbon dioxide to fall
Hyperventilation
Abnormal increase in the volume of circulating blood
Hypervolemia
Lower than normal level of calcium in the blood
Hypocalcemia
Abnormally low chloride in the blood
Hypochloremia
Abnormally low potassium in the blood
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low magnesium in the blood
Hypomagnesemia
Abnormally low sodium in the blood
Hyponatremia
Decreased phosphate in the blood
Hypophosphatemia
Of lesser concentration; containing less solute that extravascular fluid
Hypotonic
Decreased volume of circulating blood
Hypovolemia
Set of mental pictures or images
Imagery
Performing an intervention and assessing the response
Implementation
Action that does not require a medical order but does require critical thinking
Independent nursing action
Conclusions made based on observed data
Inferences
The delivery of complementary and alternative care along with conventional medicine, providing a holistic approach
Integrative medicine
Action that comes from collaborative care planning
Interdependent action
Placed or lying between
Interstitial
Nursing actions aimed at accomplishing a goal or expected outcome
Interventions
Conversation in which facts are obtained
Interview
Within the cell
Intracellular
Within a vessel or vessels
Intravascular
Of equal solute concentration; solutions that have the same concentrations, or osmolality, as blood and are used to expand the fluid volume of the body
Isotonic
Female-dominated family or household
Matriarchal
Statement that indicates the patients actual health status or the risk of a problem developing, the causative or related factors, and specific defining characteristics
Nursing diagnosis
Goal-directed series of activities whereby the practice of nursing accomplishes its goal of alleviating, minimizing, or preventing real or potential health problems
Nursing process
Information obtained through the senses or measured by instruments
Objective data
The movement of pure solvent (liquid) across a membrane
Osmosis
Type of nursing audit that compares actual patient outcomes with desired outcomes so that measures to improve care can be devised
Outcome-based quality improvement (OBQI)
Results of actions
Outcomes
Male-dominated family or household
Patriarchal
Treatment by use of plants
Phytotherapy
Determining specific desired outcomes for each nursing diagnosis
Planning
Positive or negative preconceived attitude or opinion that is unsupported by evidence
Prejudice
Right of first consideration established based on emergency or need
Priority
Statement that indicates a patients actual or potential health problem, used in writing a patient care plan; may be used in lieu of a nursing diagnosis
Problem statement
In traditional Chinese medicine, the vital energy of the human body
Qi
Type of exercise and stimulation therapy emphasizing breathing, coordination, and relaxation
Qi gong
Evaluating nursing care to identify specific areas that need changes for improvement
Quality improvement
Biologic way of categorizing people based on physical characteristics, such as skin color and texture, facial characteristics, and body proportions
Race
Form of prejudice that takes place when individuals, groups, and/or institutions exercise power against groups that are judges to ne inferior
Racism
Therapy in which a practitioner acts as a conduit for healing energy that is directed into the patients energy field for body
Reiki
Formalized system or belief and worship
Religion
Ceremonial act
Ritual
Step-by-step process used by scientists to solve problems
Scientific method
Any objective evidence of disease or dysfunction
Sign
Feelings of guilt and unworthiness, abandonment, anger, despair, or hopelessness; need to seek forgiveness; disconnect between ones religious or spiritual beliefs and medical treatment
Spiritual disconnection
Intangible element of religion that concerns the spirit or soul
Spitirtuality
Set opinion or belief about a group of people that is applied to an individual
Stereotype
Smaller group within the culture whose members have similar views and goals in addition to or in place of those of the main culture
Subculture
Data obtained orally
Subjective data
Any indication of disease perceived by the patient; subjective information
Symptom
Continuous tonic spasm of a muscle; characterized by severe muscle cramps, carpopedal spams, laryngeal spasms, and stridor
Tetany
Tasks that must be done at a set time
Time-fixed
Tasks that can be done at any time
Time-flexible
Secretions and excretions that move through cell membranes and eventually leave the body
Transcellular
Multicultural nursing care that recognizes cultural diversity and is sensitive to the needs of the patient and family
Transcultural nursing
Normal tension of a cell; swelling, distention; elastic condition of skin
Turgor
Measure of worth or efficiency; an ideal, custom, or institution of a society toward which the members of the group have an affective regard (emotional connection)
Values
The perspective a culture takes of the world that is shared by cultural group members and that influences health and illness beliefs
Worldview
Force that is positive, light, warm, or masculine
Yang
Force that is negative, dark, cold, or feminine
Yin
Hindu discipline aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility; a system of exercises practiced as part of the discipline to promote control of the mind and body
Yoga
What type of therapy is used in place of mainstream medicine
Alternative
Naturopathic medicine falls into which category of complementary and alternative therapies
Alternative medical systems
Homeopathic medicine is based on what belief
Symptoms are a sign of the body’s effort to rid itself of disease
What is an alternative medical system based on the opposition of polarities; the elements of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water; and the flow of energy in the body
Traditional Chinese medicine
What Chinese exercise-stimulation therapy emphasizes breathing and coordination
Qi Gong
An example of mind-body intervention
Yoga
An example of a biologically based therapy
Herbal therapy
What is an example of a safe and effective herb
Feverfew
An example of a therapy that involves manipulation of the spine
Chiropractic therapy
The process of knowing oneself and examining ones own values, beliefs, and prejudices
Cultural competence
What Protestant denomination does not allow medications of any kind
Christian Science
In the US, diabetes is more common in what ethnic population
Hispanics
A major division of Christianity
Eastern Orthodox
The predominant religion practiced in the US
Christianity
The approximate fraction of the body weight that is attributed to water is more than
One-half
A nonelectrolyte is
Glucose
The passive movement of substances across a membrane to achieve equal concentration is know as
Diffusion
The normal serum pH is
7.35-7.45
An elevated serum pH causes a condition known as
Alkalosis
The acid-base balance is regulated by the lungs and the
Kidneys
The shift of calcium excess into the bone creates a condition known as
Hyperkalemia
The patient with excess fluid volume will have blood pressure that is
Elevated
Excessive use of salt substitutes can cause an excess of which electrolyte
Potassium
The nursing process component that gathers subjective data from the patient
Assessment
The first step in solving a problem is to
Define the problem
A drawing to illustrate the relationships between ideas
Concept map
… listening means consciously focusing on the topic of discussion
Attentive
When reviewing a patients chart, information about religion, occupation, and significant others would most readily be found in the
Chart face sheet
In an acute care setting, the nursing care plan should be reviewed and updated
At least once every 24 hours
Rapport is established with the patient during which part of the patient interview
Opening
A goal that is achievable within 7 to 10 days
Short-term
What medical record may be ordered to determine if nursing standards are being met
Audit
What describes programs used to evaluate nursing care delivered to patients
Outcome-based quality-improvement (OBQI)
The main purpose of outcome-based quality-improvement is to
Improve nursing practice
A clinical path or care map
Details a step-by-step approach to the total care of the patient
A standard nursing procedure should be written to include
A list of all equipment needed to perform the procedure
