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Genetics > Exam 3: final review > Flashcards

Exam 3: final review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Based on the following mRNAs, which exons are constitutive? numbers represent exons.
A. 1-2-3-7-8-10
B. 1-2-4-5-6-7-9
C. 1-4-6-7-8
D. 1-2-4-7-10

A

1 and 7

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2
Q

when it comes to RNAi, which is the most effective at controlling the gene?
A. using only sense (matching) RNA
B. using both sense and antisense RNA
C. using only antisense RNA

A

B. Using both

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3
Q

What is the function of the TATA box?

A

The TATA box binds TFIID

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4
Q

T/F: McCintock also proved that crossing over was real, not just transposable elements

A

true

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5
Q

The nucleosome modifications that have generational memory (on the cellular level) due to methylation, phosphorylation or acetylation on the N terminus is called

A

Histone Code

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6
Q

T/F: Closed formation in the chromatin allows for transcription factors and RNAP to start transcription.

A

false

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7
Q

In multicellular organisms, different cells have different functions though they still have the same whole genome. How does that work?

A

Differential gene expression

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8
Q

What is an evolutionarily accepted mutation?

A

A mutation that does not have adverse impact on the function of a protein

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9
Q

T/F: Regulation for non-coding RNAs usually takes place at the translational level.

A

false

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10
Q

Which of the following does not define the principle of genetic linkage?
A. Genes that are transmitted to the next generation as a group
B. Two or more genes that are physically connected on a chromosome
C.The process by which genetic information is exchanged between homologous chromosomes

A

C. The process by which genetic information is exchanged between homologous chromosomes

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11
Q

What is a reporter gene?

A

A gene that is used to investigate promoter activity

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12
Q

T/F: The first and last exons of a gene are always expressed in a functional protein. 

A

false

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13
Q

Which of the following is not components of the preinitiation complex?
A. sequence specific transcription factors
B. general transcription factors
C. Start codons
D. TFIID
E. RNY polymerase

A

C. start codons

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14
Q

what region of a protein cannot be changed without very severe consequences?

A

the region with the most stars

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15
Q

the human genome has about ________ protein coding genes and _________ base pairs

A

21,000/3.3 billion

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16
Q

The proteins that bind to the CRM (cis regulatory module) and cause a gene to be expressed by starting transcription.

A

Transcription Factors

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17
Q

Convert 45 map units to centimorgans

A

45 centimorgans

18
Q

Which of the following statements about transcription and translation is not true?
A. rRNA is involved in translation
B. Translation in bacteria begins before mRNA transcription is completed
C. mRNA is transported out of the nucleus in eukaryotes
D. Transcription regulation is not commonly used to control gene expression

A

D. Transcription regulation is not commonly used to control gene expression

19
Q

During which stage of translation does translational regulation most likely occur?

A

Initiation

20
Q

Which of the following is not true of translation termination?
A. Stop codons bind to special tRNA molecules
B. There are three possible stop codons
C. Mutations in mRNA molecules can affect the location of translation termination

A

A. Stop codons bind to special tRNA molecules

21
Q

If AUG codes for methionine, which of the following isoleucine codons is least likely to be used?
A. AUA
B. AUU
c. AUC

A

A. AUA

22
Q

Iron response proteins (IRPs) are involved in regulating iron levels in the cell through translational regulation. Which of the following statements regarding IRP regulation is NOT true?
A. IRP binds to 3’ and 5’ UTRs
B. IRP binding prevents transferrin translation
C. Ferritin is produced when there is too much iron in the cell
D. IRP binds to iron

A

B. IRP binding prevents transferrin translation

23
Q

Which of the following AA substitutions would most likely result in a viable switch that would have the least likely chance of killing the protein?
A. An AA that is similar in character
B. An AA that is similar in charge only
C. An AA that is similar in charge and character
D. An AA that is very different from the one it replaces

A

C. AN AA that is similar in charge and character

24
Q

lacI codes for a protein that controls the lac operon and therefore it is constitutively expressed. This means that lacI is___________________.

A

always turned on and expressed

25
Q

T/F: Proteolytic cleavage is necessary for production of insulin

A

true

26
Q

The proteins that modulate the ability of spliceosomes to recognize or choose splice sites

A

Splicing Factors

27
Q

Which is not an implication of the universal genetic code?
A. transcription factors are a necessary part of gene splicing
B. there is a finite number of changes between species
C. all life came from a single origin
D. The code allows for horizontal gene transfer

A

A. transcription factors are a necessary part of gene splicing

28
Q

T/F: We make genetic maps of humans through specific planed out crosses of individuals that have allowed us to map genes on human chromosomes

A

false

29
Q

T/F: While mapping two genes in Drosophila, you observe 35 recombinants among 150 total offspring. This is an accurate hypothesis for the distance, no other forces influence the number of recombinants.

A

false

30
Q

T/F: Most human genes have multiple forms of alternatively spliced genes

A

true

31
Q

While mapping genes in Drosophila, you observe 20 recombinants among 200 total offspring. What is the distance between these genes?

A

10 map units

32
Q

An operon is………

A

A regulatory unit consisting of a few structural genes under control of one promoter

33
Q

T/F: Methylation and acetylation are protein modifications that increase transcription.

A

true

34
Q

Which a region(s) of the protein sequence does not need strict conservation?

A

the one with the most blank space/ dots and least stars

35
Q

A bicoid mutant mother…..
A. Has two butts but normal offspring due to maternal effect
B. Does not allow for antennapedia expression
C. Has two butts and no offspring
D. Is normal but had offspring with two butts due to maternal effect

A

D. Is normal but had offspring with two butts due to maternal effect

36
Q

hunchback mRNA is provided by the mother through maternal effect and can be found _________

A

throughout the whole embryo

37
Q

What is unique about the early nuclear divisions in a Drosophila embryo?

A

The development of a syncytium caused by the nuclear divisions that occur without cell division

38
Q

Hunchback does not show a similar gradient of protein expression but rather an abrupt cut off due to

A

a needed threshold of bicoid protein for expression

39
Q

Bicoid protein shows a diffusion gradient across the developing embryo because…

A

mRNA of bicoid is tethered to the anterior end

40
Q

hunchback mRNA is translated and therefore the protein is present

A

only in the anterior

41
Q
A

A. 5’ end
B. Regulatory region
C. Transcription start site
D. Untranslated region
E. Exon
F. Intron
G. 3’ end

Genetics (5 decks)

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