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Storage for later > Exam 3 Cognition > Flashcards

Exam 3 Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition and Perceptual Impairments categories (3-7)

A
  1. ~cognition
  2. ~higher order/ executive function
  3. ~Perception
    • body scheme/body image disorders
    • spatial relation disorders
    • ~Agnosias
    • ~apraxia
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2
Q

Cognition and perceptual impairments: cognition categories (2)

A
  1. ~attention deficits
  2. ~memory impairments
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3
Q

Cognition and perceptual impairments: cognition categories- attention deficits (4)

A
  1. ~Sustained attention
  2. ~Selective attention
  3. ~Divided attention
  4. ~Alternative attention
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4
Q

Cognition and perceptual impairments: cognition categories- memory impairments (3)

A
  1. ~immediate recall
  2. ~short- term
  3. ~long- term
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5
Q

Cognition and perceptual impairments: Higher-order/ executive function (4)

A
  1. ~Volition
  2. ~Planning
  3. ~Purposive action
  4. ~Effective performance
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6
Q

define Volition

A

Ability to move

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7
Q

define Planning

A

Want to do something so you plan your movement

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8
Q

define: Purposive action

A

When you are able to do an action that has a pursue

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9
Q

Cognition and perceptual impairments: perception (4)

A
  1. ~body scheme/ body image
  2. ~spatial relation disorders
  3. agnosia
  4. apraxia
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10
Q

Cognition and perceptual impairments: 5 body scheme/ body image disorders

A
  1. ~Unilateral neglect
  2. ~Anosognosia
  3. ~Somatoagnosia
  4. ~Right-left discrimination
  5. ~Finger agnosia
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11
Q

Cognition and perceptual impairments: 7 spatial relations impairments

A
  1. ~Figure-ground discrimination
  2. ~Form discrimination
  3. ~Spatial relations
  4. ~Position in space
  5. ~Topographical disorientation
  6. ~Depth and distance perception
  7. ~Vertical disorientation
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12
Q

Unilateral neglect (4 things about it)

A
  1. ~inability to recognize half of your sensory form ½ your body that is not due to a sensory loss
  2. ~Usually left side
  3. ~pusher- push towards their affected side/ involved side
  4. ~The person will not know/ think about the involved side; the body wants to compensate and will push towards the involved side to try and make a new midline
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13
Q

Anosognosia

what is it?

when does it occur?

when is it most prominent?

A
  1. ~No insight or awareness of their injury; their brain does not know that they has had the injury
  2. ~Usually resolved in the first few months
  3. ~Usually more prominent right CVA
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14
Q

Define Somatoagnosia

A
  1. ~“body agnosia”
  2. ~Difficulty with body structure and the relationship with one body part to another; where is my elbow in relationship to my hand
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15
Q

define Right-left discrimination impairment

A
  1. ~No clue on R/L
  2. ~Have to put some other input besides r/l; tapping, colors, etc
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16
Q

Define Finger agnosia

A
  1. ~Cant figure out how to use the fingers in a helpful fashion; any fine motor skill is not easy
  2. ~Opposition, tying shoes, buttoning, etc
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17
Q

define Figure-ground discrimination impairment

A
  1. ~You wont be able to discriminate between lines to find a figure; will just random line and not image
  2. ~Cant see where things are because they are all just in the background
  3. ~Cant figure out where to grab on a wheelchair
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18
Q

describe Form discrimination impariment

A
  1. ~Small difference are hard for the pt to discriminate/ separate
  2. ~If you open up a drawer- there are lots of long skinny object (pencils, pens, tooth brush, etc) but they all look the same to the stroke pt
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19
Q

define “Position in space” impairment

A
  1. ~Up, down, in, out, below, above- all a jumbled mess to them
  2. ~Get on top of the table? Put you hand on top of your knee? Etc
  3. ~They cannot understand what that means
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20
Q

describe “Topographical disorientation” impariment

A
  1. ~Map- if you want them to gym from their room, they wont remember how they got there (the twists and turns)
  2. ~They wont remember how to get to the restroom
  3. ~Very common in TBI and stroke; good reason to keep them in therapy
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21
Q

describe “Depth and distance perception” impairment

A
  1. ~Can be visual
  2. ~Do you where glasses? Near or far sighted?
  3. ~Stairs- can look like a slide or a wall; pouring into a glass; curves; potholes/ bumps in the ground
22
Q

describe “Vertical disorientation”

A
  1. ~Everyone is off by 10-15*at first after stroke; not standing straight because they think the world is off tilted
  2. ~The world is off to them, so they walk funny/ at an angle
  3. ~*like you are walking through the crazy house
  4. ~Typically gets better; can occur in either type of stroke (right or left)
23
Q

what are three Agnoias?

A
  1. ~visual agnosia
  2. ~auditory agnosia
  3. ~tactile/ asterognosis
24
Q

describe Visual agnosia

A
  1. ~Has normal eye function/ their eyes work
  2. ~They have problems naming the object when they just looking at it
  3. ~If they can hold it, they can name it right away
  4. ~Just can’t process the visual pathways to say what it is
25
Q

describe Auditory agnosia

A
  1. ~They can still hear, but is a sound has a similar sound, it sound the same
  2. ~Inability to recognize/ decipher the sounds
  3. ~Bark and lightening; cell phone and an ambulance going down the street, voices will probably sounds similar
  4. ~Typically have other processing issues
26
Q

describe Tactile/ astereognosis

A

Cant tell you what it is when it is in your hand without looking at it

27
Q

list four Apraxias

A
  1. ~ideomotor
  2. ~ideational
  3. ~constructional
  4. ~dressing
28
Q

describe Ideomotor apraxia

A
  1. ~Breakdown btw concept and performance
  2. ~They can do the task but they cannot do the task when asked~Can brush their teeth without thinking, but if you ask them to do it, they cant
  3. ~Can get it form an idea to a motor
  4. ~You can sometimes trick them into doing it (if you tell them to stand, they cant, but if you try and get them to get a drink of water, they will easily stand up)
  5. ~Also tend to perseverate (motor or verbal)- yes, yes, yes, yes or they keep doing the same action over and over again
29
Q

describe Ideational apraxia

A
  1. ~A complete failure of the conceptionalization of the task
  2. ~Cant even do the task~Have no idea on how to put the tasks together to walk, stand up, roll over, etc
30
Q

describe Constructional apraxia

A

The ability to put parts together to make a whole (in the correct way)

31
Q

describe Dressing apraxia

A
  1. ~Are you able to dress properly
  2. ~Putting underwear on the outside, etc
32
Q

what do we need to know about Non equilibrium tests?

A

Does someone have coordination outside of balance; don’t have to know all these, but should know at least one for UE and LE for exams

33
Q

what are some Non equilibrium tests? (16)

A
  • 1) Finger-to-nose
  • 2) Finger-to therapist’s finger
  • 3) Finger-to-finger
  • 4) Alternate nose-to-finger
  • 5) Finger opposition
  • 6) Mass grasp
  • 7) Pronation/supination
  • 8) Rebound test
  • 9) Tapping (hand)
  • 10) Tapping (foot)
  • 11) Pointing and past pointing
  • 12) Alternate heel-to-knee; heel-to-toe
  • 13) Toe to examiner’s finger
  • 14) Heel on shin (common)
  • 15) Drawing a circle
  • 16) Fixation or position holding
34
Q

what are some Equilibrium tests?

A

Testing balance- berg’s, etc

35
Q

COM- stands for

A

Center of mass

36
Q

COM- male vs female (locations)

A

Men COM is around the navel, but females are lower because of hips

37
Q

describe: Cone of stability

A
  1. ~if you take your COM to the limits of the BOSs without falling (leading forwards/ backwards/ side to side)
  2. ~After you fall, the person has a very small cone when standing
38
Q

what is Retropulsion?

A
  1. ~after the fall, fight standing up
  2. ~will push back so they will move backwards
  3. ~rigid extension
39
Q

BOS- stand for

A

Base of support

40
Q

what are some things that can make a BOS?

A
  1. ~Feet: different when they are shoulder width, staggered, narrow, etc
  2. ~can be your butt when sitting- want 90/90/90 (hip, knee, ankles); moving forward and backwards will change BOS bc it changes where the feet are
41
Q

As you get older, your BOS will..

A

get more narrow

42
Q

what is Balance?

A

Maintaining your COM over your BOS

43
Q

6 things that can Influence COM

A
  1. ~Large boobs
  2. ~Larger belly/ pregnancy
  3. ~Backpacks
  4. ~HALOs
  5. ~Amputees
  6. ~Injuries on LE- will stand on the uninvolved side
44
Q

If you start to fall to try and keep from fall, what are the 3 stragegies?

A
  1. ~Bend at the ankle
  2. ~Bend at the hip
  3. ~Take a step
45
Q

If pt has fallen…

A

Do fall prevention training

  1. ~You want to work on putting them right to the point of them falling without making them fall
  2. ~Don’t let them fall!
  3. ~Strengthen muscles and neuro system to work faster
  4. ~Will find out where they are weak and work on that part
  5. ~You want to perturb them, unstable surfaces, etc
  6. ~Want to do a lot of single leg stuff (walking involves single leg stance)
46
Q

Standing with assistive devices- cane

what happens to COM?

A

Com is in the center, but if you have a cane, the cane will move the COM towards the cane side

47
Q

Standing with assistive devices- crutches

What happens to COM?

A

Crutches are like a double cane (one on each side) people need to be really good with their BOS with the feet are off the ground

48
Q

Standing with assistive devices-walker

what happens to COM?

A
  1. ~Walkers- make sure that the pt is within the walk’s base
  2. ~if the walker is in front of the pt, the COM is way in front of the feet
  3. ~Different walkers: Standard walker, rolling walker, posterior walker, hemiplegic walker
49
Q

Standing with assistive devices- roller

issues

A

Roller- will not let you get within the walking space

50
Q

Standing with assistive devices- cane

A

COM is normally in the center, but if you have a cane, the cane will move the COM towards the cane side

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