EXAM 3 - Childhood Disorders

Question 1

Childhood Disorders Incidence

Answer 1

15 to 20%

Question 2

Childhood Disorders-Internalizing Disorders-

Feeding Disorders

Answer 2

Pica
Rumination Disorder
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Question 3

Childhood Disorders-Internalizing Disorders-

Tic Disorders

Answer 3

Tourette’s Disorder

Chronic or transient motor or vocal tic disorder

Question 4

Childhood Disorders-Internalizing Disorders-

Elimination Disorders

Answer 4

Enuresis and Encopresis

Question 5

Childhood Disorders-Internalizing Disorders-

Answer 5

Reactive Attachment Disorder
Selective Mutism
Depressive Disorders
2-5% of elementary age children
10% (males) to 25% (females) of teenagers
Use adult diagnosis, but some criteria are different
May be on the rise (earlier onset than in past)

Question 6

Internalizing Disorders:Anxiety Disorders

Answer 6

Separation Anxiety Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Phobias
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Question 7

Externalizing Disorders: ADHD, ODD

Answer 7

All are more common in males

Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Arguing, blaming, defiance, oppositional attitude
Often associated with problems in the family, such as other members with ODD, ADHD, Substance Use, Antisocial Personality Disorder

Question 8

Externalizing Disorders: Conduct Disorder

Answer 8

Conduct Disorder
Severe rule or law violations: Truancy, vandalism, physical fighting, persistent lying, theft, bullying
Associated Problems: Learning disabilities, mood disorders, substance use
Associated Family Problems: Harsh discipline, lack of parental supervision

Question 9

DSM-5TM medical classification system for ADHD

Answer 9

A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development:1
For children, six or more of the symptoms (Table) have persisted for at least 6 months to a degree that is inconsistent with developmental level, and that negatively impacts directly on social and academic/occupational activities. Please note: the symptoms are not solely a manifestation of oppositional behaviour, defiance, hostility or failure to understand tasks or instructions1
For older adolescents and adults (age 17 and older), five or more symptoms are required (Table)1
Often fails to give close attention to detail or makes mistakes Often fidgets with or taps hands and feet, or squirms in seat
Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or activities Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly Often runs and climbs in situations where it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adults, may be limited to feeling restless)
Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork or workplace duties Often unable to play or engage in leisure activities quietly
Often has difficulty organising tasks and activities Is often ‘on the go’, acting as if ‘driven by a motor’
Often avoids, dislikes or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort Often talks excessively
Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities Often blurts out answers before a question has been completed
Is easily distracted by extraneous stimuli Often has difficulty waiting their turn
Is often forgetful in daily activities Often interrupts or intrudes on othersSeveral inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms present prior to age 12 years1
Several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms present in two or more settings (e.g. at home, school or work; with friends or relatives; in other activities)1
Clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with, or reduce the quality of, social, academic or occupational functioning1
Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder, and are not better explained by another mental disorder (e.g. mood disorder, anxiety disorder, dissociative disorder, personality disorder, substance intoxication or withdrawal).1

Question 10

Externalizing Disorders: ADHD-3 Subtypes

Answer 10

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type Predominantly Inattentive Type Combined Type

Question 11

Externalizing Disorders: ADHD sex ratio

Answer 11

Male to Female Ratio for the Combined type is 3:1 (probably equal for the Inattentive type)

Question 12

Externalizing Disorders: ADHD comorbidity

Answer 12

ODD, Conduct Disorders, Mood Disorders, Substance use—particularly in children with untreated ADHD
Learning Disabilities are also very common

Question 13

ADHD Medication Treatment

Answer 13

Psychostimulant medication helps about 75% of patients with ADHD, Combined type (helps inhibit behavior, improves handwriting, improves attention control)
Ritalin; Concerta—time release ritalin (lasts 10 to 12 hours)
Adderall and Adderall-XR in time release
Focalin and Focalin XR
Vyvanse

Question 14

ADHD (Nonstimulant medications)

Answer 14

Strattera

Intuniv

Question 15

ADHD Treatment:

Answer 15

Always pair behavioral treatments with medication treatment for ADHD.
Medication alone will not significantly improve time management and organizational skills
Behavior modification and parent training are also helpful adjunct therapies: They can reduce social problems and comorbid disorders.
Medication is the most effective treatment for reducing the primary symptoms of ADHD