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PSYC 207 > Exam 3 - Chapter 6 (Adolescent Sexuality) > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Chapter 6 (Adolescent Sexuality) Flashcards

1
Q

____ states mandate sex education for adolescence, focusing on abstinence (not all 50, and not on how to practice safety)

A

39

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2
Q

The primary focus on sexuality in adolescents is on problems with

A

pregnancy and STIs; BUT it’s a normal aspect of development, recognized by all societies; cultural influences are critical

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3
Q

US culture sends mixed messages about sexuality

A

girls - don’t; guys - positive media portrayals; linked to status and masculinity

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4
Q

results of media exposure to explicit material

A

increased access to sexually explicit websites makes sexting a growing concern; pornography is easier to obtain

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5
Q

sexual identity involves

A

physical, social, and cultural factors

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6
Q

Why is researching adolescent sexuality difficult?

A

assessing attitudes and behaviors is not easy; personal, boys exaggerate their prowess, and girls downplay irresponsibility

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7
Q

national surveys report that STI’s are more common from

A

oral sex

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8
Q

sexual scripts

A

a stereotyped pattern of roles for sexual behavior; double-standard with stricter norms for females; single women with experience are negatively judged, but opposite for men (to an extent)

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9
Q

male stereotypes of sexual scripts v. female

A

male advances, is physically focused, female sets limits and is emotionally/relationally focused

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10
Q

risk factors in adolescent sexuality (what influences early sex?)

A

lack of emotional preparedness, early sex linked to other risky behaviors; SES/poverty, minority status, substance use, self-control, impulsiveness, school-related influence, sports, etc.

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11
Q

In emerging adults,

A

most are unmarried, but sexually active; casual sex is increasingly common (less among young adults than emerging adults); sex without romantic relationship

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12
Q

We see more casual sex with _____ adults than young adults.

A

emerging

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13
Q

Sexual Minority Youths (SYM)

A

majority experience first same-sex attraction or behavior, and self-label themselves just before or during adolescence; preference for a sexual partner isn’t always fixed

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14
Q

sexual minority

A

gay, lesbian, bisexual

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15
Q

bisexual

A

attraction to both sexes

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16
Q

factors associated with sexual minority behavior (orientation isn’t easily changed)

A

results of hormone studies are inconsistent; a very early critical period (2-5 month of pregnancy) might influence sexual orientation

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17
Q

research on twins reveals that

A

genes play a role in sexual orientation, but not exclusively (also hormones, experience, and possibly critical period)

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18
Q

someone’s sexual orientation is most likely determined by a combination of

A

genetic, hormonal, cognitive, and environmental factors

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19
Q

common perceptions of SMY (these aren’t necessarily true)

A

struggle with their attraction in childhood; don’t participate in heterosexual dating; realization during mid-to-late adolescence

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20
Q

process of disclosing sexual orientation

A

long process; starts just before or during early adolescence and extends into emerging adulthood

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21
Q

SMY similarities and differences with heterosexual youth

A

friendship quality, academic orientation, and perceptions of school climate; most negative outcomes among bisexual adolescents; less positive experiences with same-sex attractions

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22
Q

homophobia

A

irrational/negative fears against same-sex attractions; passing (stemmed from believing everyone same-sex had HIV/AIDS)

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23
Q

Are sexual minority youth more likely to engage in risky behavior?

A

no; other research - link to early sexual debut for same and hetero-sex and sexual risk-taking, substance use, violent victimization, suicidal thoughts/behaviors

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24
Q

problems with adolescent sex

A

pregnancy, STIs, forcible sexual behavior, and sexual harassment

25
Q

Why do teen pregnancies occur?

A

don’t use contraceptives, use them inconsistently, use less effective means, US uses condemns less

26
Q

In the US, ______ + females have a child before they’re 18.

A

200,000 (highest rates in industrialized world); number is declining since 1980s

27
Q

consequences of adolescent pregnancy

A

preterm babies, LBW, mortality, illness, neurological problems, lower achievement, low SES, depression, substance abuse, dropout

28
Q

reducing adolescent pregnancy

A

focused and extensive efforts; better opportunities, sex and family life education programs, contraception, community involvement

29
Q

sexually transmitted infections (STI’s)

A

contracted primarily via sexual contact (shared needles/blood transfusions; increasing health problem

30
Q

most common viral STI’s

A

AIDS, genital herpes, genital wart

31
Q

most common bacterial STI’s

A

gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia

32
Q

AIDS

A

STI (viral HIV); destroys immune system; Sub-Saharan Africa epidemic; differences between adult and adolescent cases in US

33
Q

HIV and AIDS

A

heterosexual transmission higher in adolescents, but more asymptomatic cases; higher percentage of AIDS in Black/Latino adolescents

34
Q

STIs

A

HIV, genital herpes, genital warts, HPV, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Chlamydia

35
Q

rape

A

forcible sexual intercourse-no consent

36
Q

pervasiveness in American Culture

A

feminists argue cause is how we socialize males; sexually aggressive; women are inferior; sexual gratification most important objective in any sexual encounter

37
Q

date/acquaintance rape

A

coercive sexual activity with someone they know; growing problem

38
Q

Factors associated with sexual victimization

A

on campus housing, unmarried, frequency of intoxication, prior history

39
Q

“red zone”

A

a period of time (early in 1st yr) when high risk for unwanted sexual experiences

40
Q

the negative effects of sexual harassment are pronounced when; forms of sexual harassment

A

its with a teacher, employer, other adult with power over student; sexist remarks, covert physical contact, blatant propositions and sexual assaults; #metoo movement

41
Q

two types of sexual harassment

A

quid pro quo and hostile environment

42
Q

quid pro quo sexual harassment

A

educational decision impacted by submission to unwelcomed sexual conduct by a school employee

43
Q

hostile environment sexual harassment

A

unwanted sexual conduct, so severe, persistent, or pervasive that limits ability to benefit from education

44
Q

sexual harassment stats for adolescents

A

68% experienced relationship abuse, 62% perpetrated; 64% psychological abuse, 18% sexual abuse, 12% perpetrated; 31% sexual harassment, 11% perpetrators; online sexual harassment 13%, 4% perpetrators

45
Q

problems with sexual literacy

A

lot of information is wrong, talking is uncomfortable

46
Q

cognitive factors

A

idealism and abstract/hypothetical thinking can separate from reality (bad things happen to other people); most see themselves as more vulnerable; insufficient information about contraception

47
Q

sex ed in schools 89% support abstinence and comprehensive sex ed

A

increase in support probably because of increase of HIV/AIDS; mandated sex ed is still controversial about content

48
Q

most effective sex ed?

A

controversy is abstinence only v comprehensive education; research shows comprehensive is effective

49
Q

Sweden

A

has the lowest rates of teen pregnancy

50
Q

What is true about sex and the media?

A

women are portrayed as sex objects, sex is often portrayed in a stereotypical way, sex is portrayed as a recreational activity

51
Q

a stereotyped pattern of role prescriptions for how individuals should behave sexually is known as a

A

sexual script

52
Q

cognitive factors implicated in sexual risk-taking in adolescence

A

poor self-regulation, attention problems, impulsiveness

53
Q

research suggests that sexual attraction is determined by

A

hormonal, environmental, and genetic factors

54
Q

Phil is a gay man, but he dates women and has told nobody about his sexual orientation. Phil is engaged in a form of self-devaluation called

A

passing

55
Q

What’s true about contraceptives?

A

adolescents have increased their use, many don’t use them consistently, and younger adolescents are less likely to use them than older adolescents

56
Q

Researchers have found that adolescent mothers spend more time _____ with their infants than do adult mothers.

A

having negative interactions

57
Q

Worldwide, the greatest concern about AIDS is in ______, where it has reached epidemic proportions.

A

sub-Saharan Africa

58
Q

What is true about rape?

A

legal definitions vary state to state, not all rapes are reported, rape is pervasive in American culture

59
Q

Dana, age 15, has to deal with constant comments from other students in her science class about her breast size, skin blemishes, and large hips. Her teacher does nothing to stop these offensive remarks. As a result, Dana’s grade in science is compromised. Dana is a victim of

A

hostile environment sexual harassment

PSYC 207 (7 decks)

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