Exam 3 -- chap 10 -- emotion and motivation

Question 1

motivation (def)

Answer 1

the want or needs that direct behavior toward a goal

what makes us to what we do

Question 2

what are the 2 types of motivation:

Answer 2

intrinsic

extrinsic

Question 3

what is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 3

doing something for internal factors
- ex. learning for the sake of learning
- ex. Jerry Seinfeld and comedy

Question 4

what is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 4

pursuit of an activity because of external factors
- ex. pursuing acting or sports for money or fame

Question 5

what is the over justification effect?

Answer 5

causes extrinsic motivation to overwhelm intrinsic motivation

external incentive decreases a person’s intrinsic motivation to perform a task

Question 6

describe Maslow’s Heirarchy of Needs:

Answer 6

we are motivated by needs not being met, from bottom and working upward to self-actualization

Question 7

what is the top of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 7

self-actualization

Question 8

describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from top to bottom

Answer 8

physiological

security

social

esteem

self-actualization

Question 9

what are some criticisms against Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 9

individual needs vary

lack of empirical support

Question 10

what is the drive (reduction) theory of motivation?

Answer 10

homeostasis –> if we deviate from homeostasis, we drive to address and reduce that need –> return to homeostasis

organisms seek to exist in a state of homeostasis (an optimal balance) w/in various biological needs

if we deviate from homeostasis, we will experience a drive to address and reduce that need

Question 11

what is primary drive in drive (reduction) theory of motivation?

Answer 11

those that are biological and innate

Question 12

what is secondary drive in drive (reduction) theory of motivation?

Answer 12

those that are conditioned and learned

Question 13

what is optimal arousal theory?

Answer 13

we are motivated to maintain an optimal level of physiological and psychological arousal

underaroused –> bored

overaroused –> stressed and overwhelmed

Question 14

what is the self-determination theory?

Answer 14

motivated by intrinsic goals –> want to feel like we are in control of our destiny

focused on autonomy, competence, and relatedness within social groups

Question 15

___ are an important component of motivation

Answer 15

goals

Question 16

goals are an important component of ___

Answer 16

motivation

Question 17

to enhance motivation, goals should be ___ and ___

Answer 17

specific and acheivable

Question 18

if goals are not specific…

Answer 18

hard to define a course to achieve

Question 19

if goals are not achievable, can lead to…

Answer 19

frustration, giving up

Question 20

continued frustration can lead to…

Answer 20

learned helplessness

Question 21

what is learned helplessness?

Answer 21

a self-fulfilling prophecy in which you learn you have no self-efficacy, and act accordingly

ex. I can’t do it anyway so I’m going to give up

Question 22

what are approach goals?

Answer 22

goals we seek or aspire toward

ex. trying to become good at a sport

Question 23

what are avoidance goals?

Answer 23

goals we want to avoid

ex. avoiding public embarrassment, financial ruin

Question 24

what are performance goals?

Answer 24

performing well in front of others, being judged well

ex. hitting off the first tee of a golf course

Question 25

what are mastery goals?

Answer 25

increasing competence and skills

ex. hitting the ball well, even when nobody’s watching

Question 26

behavior may depend on a choice between different ___

Answer 26

motivators

Question 27

what is the approach-approach conflict?

Answer 27

choice b/n 2 appealing activities or goals

ex. choosing a new car when you have money for it

Question 28

what is avoidance-avoidance conflict?

Answer 28

choice b/n the “lesser of evils”

ex. choosing b/n 2 unfavorable candidates in an election

Question 29

what is approach-avoidance conflict?

Answer 29

choice has both positive and negative outcomes

ex. offered a promotion, but it requires a transfer

Question 30

___ factors will also drive motivation

Answer 30

personality