Exam 2 – chap 5 Flashcards
sensation (definition)
detection of signals in the environment by sensory receptors in the body
perception (definition)
organization and interpretation of this info from sensation
signal detection theory studies…
the extent to which we notice things based on a sensory process and a decision process
absolute threshold
minimum amount of stimulation needed to detect a sensory input
just noticeable difference measures…
how much change is necessary for us to notice change has taken placw
attention helps…but is…
helps filter out unimportant info, but is limited
attention focuses on processes such as ___ and ___
sensory adaptation
selective attention
sensory adaptation
not perceiving stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time
selective attention
choosing to try and follow a more relevant stream of information
inattentional blindness
failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention
describe direction of processing…
bottom-up processing
starts from raw sensation and goes up to complex perception
describe how sensation goes to processing
stimulus energy (light, sound, smell, etc.)
sensory receptors (eyes, ears, nose, etc.)
neural impulses
brain (visual, auditory, olfactory areas)
previous knowledge ___ how we process and organize specific raw data
affects
perceptual set
our expectations of what we think we shall perceive can drive how we process perceptual information
top-down processing
interpretation of sensations influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts
synaesthesia may occur due to…
breakdown in the bottom-up and top-down processes
see musical notes as colors, tastes have shape, words have taste
synaesthetic associations form in childhood and remain constant for the rest of life
stroop effect
it’s easier to read words than describe ethier colors
hard to make top-down process ignore the word an focus only on their colors
rods detect
light
cones detect
color
which part of eye has a higher concentration of receptors?
fovea
where is our vision most detailed?
fovea
what are various principles of perceptual organization according to the Gestalt psychologists?
similarity
continuity
proximity
closure
what is Gestalt perceptual organization of similarity?
grouping things according to similarity
what is Gestalt perceptual organization of continuity?
continuous flow to what we’re processing overall
what is Gestalt perceptual organization of proximity?
things close to one another tend to be grouped together
what is Gestalt perceptual organization of closure?
we organize our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts
what are the 2 types of info we use to perceive depth?
binocular cues
monocular cues
what are binocular cues?
a way to perceive depth
come by virtue of having 2 eyes
what are monocular cues?
difference b/n images that reach each eye
disparity allows brain to estimate depth
optical illusions:
ambiguous stimuli –> plays on ___ processing
bottom-up
highlights the way we might make an initial assumption but the have to modify that assumption
top-down processing is making different assumptions than it did in organization
