Exam 3 Ch 15

Question 1

Typically, CDC would lead the federal response, but during COVID-19

Answer 1

states were left on there own

Question 2

Case STudy

“Even before coronavirus, vaccines
were politically contentious”

Answer 2

All told, the percentage of unvaccinated children has increased fourfold
since 2001” (435).

• “Following measles outbreaks during the 1970s, states began to mandate
  vaccines for children attending public schools…In the end, all but two states
  – Mississippi and West Virginia – allowed for religious or philosophical
  exemptions” (436).
• “In 2019, there were almost 1,300 cases of measles in the United States, the
  most since 1992” (437).
• “Making the case clinically is not the same as making it politically” (437).

Question 3

What 2 states DO NOT allow for vaccine exemption?

Answer 3

Mississippi and West Virginia

Question 4

Public Health

In 1900, average life expectancy at birth in US was, and now is

Answer 4

Area of medicine that deals with protection and improvement of citizen health and hygiene through government agencies

47.3 years, now 78 years/3 decades

Question 5

NYC created the nation’s 1st board of health in 1805 for

Answer 5

Yellow fever outbreak

Question 6

Average state went from receiving — of its public health budget from Washington in 1950 to

Answer 6

1% to 35% by 1978

Question 7

In resposne to 2007 recession…

Answer 7

“State and local health departments cut 55,000 positions between 2008 and 2017”

Question 8

For most of the nation’s history, elected officials believed that …

Answer 8

local government should serve as health and welfare provider

Question 9

Almhouses -

Answer 9

places where local communities provided food and clothes for low income

Question 10

By 1860, most states established…

Answer 10

mental hospitals and homes for blind and deaf

Question 11

What in 1935 did FDR and Congress create?

Answer 11

Social Security Act

Social Security
Joint federal-state program for unemployment

AFDC/Aid to Families with Dependent Children - original federal ssistance program for women and their children under New Deal

Question 12

Medicare and Medicaid were created in… and what are they?

Answer 12

1965

Medicare - fed. health program for elderly

Medicaid - joint state and fed. health program for low-income, elderly, and disabled

These are entitlement programs - guarantees unlimited assistance for those who meet the requirements

Question 13

Poverty line

Answer 13

Annual income level where families cannot afford needs, fam of 4 = 30,000

Question 14

The state that is the least generous in Medicaid eligibility is? What percentage?

What are the most generous?

Answer 14

Least - Alabama, 13%

most - Connecticut, Massachusetts, Minnesota, 133%

Question 15

By 2016, federal and state gov spent how much on medicaid?

Answer 15

$550 billion

Question 16

By 2006, every state received at least…

Answer 16

1 waiver for a portion of medicaid, 7 million were additionally insured

Question 17

By summer 1996, more than 40 states received

Answer 17

statewide waivers that allowed them to vary the work requirements for AFDC recipients

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families - passed in 1996, provide fed assistance in block grants

Question 18

Affordable Care Act, what is it?

Answer 18

Obamacare approved by Congress in 2010.
*Medicaid expansion (South Carolina made this optional for state in 2012)
*Individual mandate (eliminated by Congress 2017)
*Parents can keep their children on their insurance until 26
- # of young adults w/o health insurance declined from 3 to 1 million

Question 19

In 2017, Trump and Congressional Republicans…

Answer 19

failed to pass a new bill that would repealed several parts of the Obamacare

Question 20

2020, Republican attorneys from 20 states, led by Texas…

Answer 20

challenged Obamacare but failed.

Question 21

How many states under federal law, can choose to run the exchanges/ own online health insurance?

Answer 21

17

Question 22

Beyond Medicaid FActs

Answer 22

as of 2016, states had promised $587 billion more
in retiree health care than they had assets set
aside” (450).
* “Between 2010 and May 2020, 128 rural hospitals
closed nationwide, predominantly in states that
hadn’t expanded Medicaid” (451).
* Texas accounted for 26 of the rural hospital
closures between 2010 and 2020.

Question 23

CHIP (Children’s Health Insurance Program)

Answer 23

A joint federal-state program designed to expand health care
coverage to children whose parents earn income above the
poverty line but still are too poor to afford insurance.
* “Fourteen states allow children living in families earning up to
300 percent of the federal poverty level to qualify for CHIP”
(452).
– New York: 400 percent
– Idaho and North Dakota: only two states less than 200
percent of the poverty level
* “Between 1999 and 2013, CHIP coverage grew from 2 million
to 8.1 million, cutting the uninsured rate for children in half”
(453).

Question 24

How many states allow children living in families earning up to 300% above poverty line to qualify for CHIP?

Answer 24

14

Question 25

What is the most generous state?

What is/are the least generous?

Answer 25

most - New York - 400%

least - Idaho and North Dakota, < 200%

Question 26

Because of the Affordable Care Act…

Answer 26

Number of uninsured Americans expected to drop by 1/2 from 45 to 23 million 2012-2023

Question 27

In California, insurers offering policies through the state insurance exchange…

Answer 27

raised premiums for 2017 by average of 13%

Question 28

Managed Care

Answer 28

An arrangement for the provision of health care whereby an
agency acts as an intermediary between consumers and health
care providers.

Question 29

Long-Term Care

Answer 29

– “Nearly 10 million Americans now use some form
of long-term care” (456).
– “States long-term-care bills…may reach as much
as $346 billion by 2040” (457).

Question 30

• Protecting Public Health - how many states passed laws for what? and how many allow exemptions for religious reasons

Answer 30

– “At least 29 states have passed laws that require
insurers that cover prescription drugs to include
coverage of contraceptives” (461).
* 21 states allow exemptions for religious reasons