Exam 3 Ch 12

Question 1

The Missing Level of Government…

Answer 1

Is the regional government

“There is nothing in the U.S. Constitution and virtually nothing in
state constitutions that addresses even the notion of regional
government…” (349).

Majority of local gov embedded in larger metropolitan area

Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. Population of 1.2 mil, but served by city of Pittsburgh, and more

Would it be better to have a regional government that provides a centralized source of authority and policy-making?

Question 2

Metropolitan Area

Answer 2

High population region that is made of a city and surrounding communities with a high degree of social and economic integration

Question 3

Metropolitan statistical area (MSA)

Answer 3

An area with a city of more than 50,000 people, together with adjacent urban communities that have strong ties to the central city

Question 4

How many MSA’s in the US, and how many people/percent live in these?

Answer 4

382 MSA

279 million, 85%

Question 5

What’s the largest MSA by population?

Answer 5

NY-Newark-Jersey City,Ny-NJ-PA, metro area

Question 6

Megaregion

Answer 6

Urban area of several large cities and their surrounding urban areas that creates an interlocking economic and social system

Question 7

Edgeless Cities

Answer 7

Office and retail complexes without clear boundaries

Question 8

Sprawl

Answer 8

Rapid growth of metropolitan area due to zoning and development

Question 9

Characteristics of Sprawl

Single Use-Zoning

Zoning laws

Answer 9

“Geographical separation of the places where people work, live, and play”

Regulations that control how land can be used

Question 10

Characteristics of Sprawl

Low Density Development

Answer 10

Development practices that spread instead of concentrate, populations across the land. Disperse the people basically

Question 11

Characteristics of Sprawl

Leapfrog developement

Answer 11

Development practices where new developments jump over established developments, leaving undeveloped land in between

Question 12

Impact fees

Answer 12

Fees that municipalities charge builders of new
housing or commercial developments to help offset
the costs of extending services.

Question 13

Characteristics of Sprawl

Car-Dependent Living

Answer 13

Owning a car is required to transport oneself. Outcome of low-density development (suburbs)

Question 14

Fragmentation of Land-Use Powers

Answer 14

“Local governments frequently have strong incentives to use these powers in ways that provide benefits for residents in the local jurisdictions, but creates costs for neighboring communities”

Question 15

Exurbs

Answer 15

Municipalities in rural areas that ring/surround suburbs. Serve as bedroom communities for prosperous, providing rural homes with easy access to urban areas.

Question 16

Reform perspective

Answer 16

Approach to filling gaps in service and reducing redundancies in local gov. that calls for regional-levle solutions

Question 17

Portland, Oregon has a regional government called ___. What does it emass?

Answer 17

Metro

3 counties
25 municipalities
40% Oregon residents

Question 18

Urban growth boundary (UGB)

Answer 18

Border established around urban area that’s intended to control density and type of development

Question 19

Regional council

Answer 19

planning and advisory organization whose members include multiple local gov

Question 20

Metropolitan planning org. (MPO) (don’t need to know)

Answer 20

Regional organization that decides how federal transportation funds are allocated within that regional area.

Question 21

Smart growth (don’t need to know)

Answer 21

Environment friendly development practices. More efficient infrastructure, less automobiles

Question 22

IJA/Interjurisdictional agreement

Answer 22

Formal or informal agreement between 2 or more local governments to cooperate on a program or policy

Question 23

City-county consolidation: (don’t need)

Answer 23

The merger of separate local governments in an effort to reduce
bureaucratic redundancy and service inefficiencies

Question 24

75% of all major urban areas in the us are…

Answer 24

contained within single counties

Question 25

of the nation’s more than 3,000 counties…

Answer 25

only about 40/1% have consolidated with cities

Question 26

Annexation

Answer 26

Legal incorporation of one jurisdiction or territory into another

Question 27

“An urge to merge?”

Answer 27

“St. Louis board of freeholders as of 2019 had managed only 2 successful meetings in more than 100 years”

• First in 1876 when the board met only to precipitate “The Great Divorce”. It split the city of St. Louis from county of St. Louis”

*2019 a new push to combine the city and county emerged but was derailed whenever a top official behind the merger was indicted for bribery. Movement floundered ever since.

Question 27

“An urge to merge?”

Answer 27

“St. Louis board of freeholders as of 2019 had managed only 2 successful meetings in more than 100 years”

Question 28

Gentrification

Answer 28

Physical rehabilitation of urban areas, attracts investments from developers and drives up property values

Question 29

Public choice model

Answer 29

Model of politics that views governments and public services in market terms; governments seen as producers of public services an dcitizens seen as consumesr

Question 30

Tiebout model (don’t need)

Answer 30

A model of local government based on market principles wherein a metro area is made
up of a series of micropolitical jurisdictions that, on the basis of their services and
costs, attract or repel certain citizens.
– The Tiebout model is a further specification of the public choice model and essentially
tries to argue that within a megaregion local governments compete with one another to
provide services in an attempt to attract more people and wealth to their jurisdiction.

Question 31

How many americans live in rural areas?

Answer 31

20%