Exam 3: Ch. 10

Question 1

Constructivism Approach

Answer 1

• emphasizes how individuals “actively” construct knowledge and understanding
• Piaget’s theory exemplifies this approach

Question 2

Social Constructivist Approach

Answer 2

• emphasize the “social” contexts of learning, and that knowledge is mutually built and constructed
• Vygotsky’s theory exemplifies this approach

Question 3

Situated Cognition

Answer 3

-the idea that thinking is (situated) in social and physical contexts, not within an individual’s mind.

Question 4

Scaffolding:

Answer 4

-changing the level of support over the course of a teaching session

Question 5

Cognitive Apprenticeship:

Answer 5

-relationship in which an expert stretches and supports a novice’s understanding and use of a culture’s skills

Question 6

Tutoring:

Answer 6

-Includes peers, classroom aides, volunteers, and mentors

Question 7

Cooperative Learning:

Answer 7

-students work i small groups to help each other

Question 8

Research on Cooperative Learning:

Answer 8

• group rewards are generated

- individuals are held accountable

Question 9

Creating a Cooperative Community:

Answer 9

• class cooperation
• interclass cooperation
• school-wide cooperation
• school-parent cooperation
• school-neighborhood cooperation

Question 10

Cooperative Learning Approaches:

Answer 10

• STAD (student team achievement divisions)
• The Jigsaw Classroom
• Learning Together
• Group Investigation
• Cooperative Scripting

Question 11

Structuring Small Group Work: Team Building skills

Answer 11

• start team building at the beginning of the year
• help students become better listeners
• give students practice in contributing to a team product
• get students to discuss the value of a team leader
• work with team leaders to deal w problem situations

Question 12

Interdependence and teaching One’s Peers

Answer 12

• promotes increased interdependence and connection with other students
• students more likely to move to correct strategy if their partners clearly explained their ideas and considered each other’s proposals

Question 13

Types and Tasks in Which Cooperative Learning Works Best:

Answer 13

cooperative learning implemented without rewards has little benefit in regard to simple tasks such as rote learning, memorization, or basic mathematics but produces better results w more complex tasks