Exam 3 Flashcards
What were the effect of the Silk Road
Diffusion of languages, diffusion of bronze metallurgy, diffusion of horse-based technologies, adoption of silk as a luxury item, spread of the art of making silk, religious adoption of silk, spread of Buddhism, spread of disease
What are examples of religious adoption of silk
Christians buying Islamic silk and a Persian trader named Ramisht commissioned a silk covering for the Kaaba
What did Chinese peasants begin to do once silk started becoming more popular
They abandoned agriculture and started manufacturing luxury goods
What happened in cities where Buddhist monasteries were built
They became places of learning and commerce
Why did the Jie people become Buddhist
Because their leader was converted by a monk from Central Asia
What happened when Buddhism spread to rich oasis towns
It became more focused on the material world
What form of Buddhist spread widely among the masses
Mahayana Buddhism
What is Mahayana Buddhism
A belief in the divinity of the Buddha
What happened when Buddhism spread to Samarkand
It incorporated Zoroastrian fire rituals
What happened when Buddhism spread to regions of India effected by Roman conquest
The Buddha appeared more Roman
How did disease contribute to Christianity and Buddhism
It made them more appealing
What happened to the Roman and Han empires
They were devastated by smallpox, measles, plague, and malaria
What happened along the Mediterranean Coast
It was wiped out by bubonic plague brought from India, Ethiopia, and Egypt
How did disease contribute to the seizure of America
Indigenous people were quickly wiped out by New World diseases
What did Malay sailors distribute to Madagascar
Bananas, coconuts, and taro
What did the sea trade routes cause people to develop
More efficient sails, schools, astronomical instruments, and compasses
Where did the sea trade routes transmit Christianity
Axum and Kerala
What did sea trade routes do in the India Ocean basin and Alexandria
Developed communities of Indian traders
What did the sea trade routes transmit to Southeast Asia
Hinduism, Buddhism, and South Asian political ideas
What did the Tang and Song dynasties encourage
Maritime trade
What was a consequence of the expansion of Islam
Development of a maritime culture around the Indian Ocean
What Indian customs were absorbed into Southeast Asia
Indian alphabets were used to make Southeast Asian languages and Indian artistic forms were incorporated into sculpture and architecture
What was a characteristic Southeast Asian rulers shared with Indian rulers
The assumption of the title of god-king
What is an example of the devotion to Hinduism and Buddhism of the Sailendra kingdom
The building of Borobudur
What is Borobudur
A mountain-shaped structure shaped like a path which represents the journey from ignorance to enlightenment
What is the Angkor Wat
Hindu architecture in the Angkor kingdom
What resulted from demand for East African goods
The development of a merchant class on the East African coast
Who settled in the Swahili civilization
Arab, Indian, and Persian merchants
What language contributed to Swahili most
Arabic
What resulted from the sand roads
Development of the Niger River Valley civilization and development of urban clusters
What allowed trade across the Sahara
The introduction of the camel
What were the two wealthiest kingdoms in West Africa
Ghana and Mali
What was a gender-related result of the growing West African economy
A caste system and gender roles developed and male slaves were present along with female slaves
Who facilitated the spread of the Black Death
The Mongols
What was the difference between the silk and sand trade routes
The silk roads were predominantly east-west routes
What region linked East Asia to the Mediterranean world
Central Asia
What was the purpose of Borobudur
A place to venerate and worship
Where did the western end of the Silk Road traverse through
Persia
What was the political structure of Swahili civilization similar to
Greek political structure
What did the Xiongnu Empire do
Provided a model for later Turkic empires
Who gained control of a China during the Song Dynasty
The Jurchen people
What did the Mongols do to conquered people’s
Forced them to fight or become laborers
What the Mongols use to collect taxes
Elaborate census-taking systems
What made possible easier trade and communication in the Mongol Empire
Relay stations
What was the name of the Mongol dynasty in China
The Yuan dynasty
What did Mongols do to peasants in Persia
They pushed them off their lands
What was an unforeseen consequence of Mongol policies in Russia
The creation of a new Russian state with Moscow as its capital
What was a good effect of Mongol-facilitated trade
They provided a secure environment in which European merchants could travel to China
What was a bad effect of Mongol-facilitated trade
The spread of the Black Death
What was a benefit that arose from the Black Death
Workers who survived could demand higher wages
What was the capital of the Yuan Dynasty
Beijing
What was an effect of Turkic rule in China
The replacement of tea with yogurt thinned with water
What was an effect of Mongol rule in China
A return to Confucian values among the Chinese
What did Russian princes adopt from Mongols
Weapons, diplomatic rituals, court practices, taxation system, and military draft
Who brought Islam to Morocco
The Almoravids
When did the Almoravids come from
Southern Spain
What Chinese practice took hold in the Muslim world
Diagnosis of disease by taking the pulse of patients
What goods from the Middle East became popular in China
Carrots and lemons
Who provided Islam’s first converts
Bedouin Arabs
What religion were Mongols more lenient towards
Christianity
Who were the three major carriers of Islam
Arabs, Persians, and Turks
What lands did Turks transmit Islam to
India and Anatolia
What provided resistance against the Christian conquest of southern Spain
The Almoravid Empire
What was a difference between Confucians and Mongols
Mongols respected merchants and artisans more
What caused Persian agriculture to dwindle
Mongol neglect of the irrigation system
What industries flourished in Persia under the Mongols
The wine and silk industries
What caused Russian crafts to dwindle
Skilled workers being sold into slavery or killed
What did Mongols do to make trade easier
They provided financial backing for caravans, introduced standardized weights and measures, and gave tax breaks to merchants
What were Central Asian horses bred for
Mobility and speed
Why didn’t Mongol archers wear armor
Speed and mobility were essential to Mongols war strategy
What was important about the Black Sea
It was important to commerce and trade between East Asian and Western Europe
What was the most characteristic feature of pastoral societies
Their mobility
What was the Mongol warrior’s primary weapon
The bow and arrow
Where did the bubonic plague originate from
Central Asia
Which gained the most from exchanges of ideas and technologies facilitated by the Mongol Empire
Europe
What was the significant role the Mongols played in world history
They brought together the pastoral people’s of inner Eurasia and the agricultural civilizations of outer Eurasia
From where did the bubonic plague enter Western Europe through Italian city-states
North Africa
What was the most valuable resource of the Sahara
Salt
What occurred as a result of disease transfer along the Silk Road
Europeans developed resistance/immunity to Eurasian diseases
What civilization was most influenced by Bantu culture from 600-1400
Swahili
What is a junk
A boat of Muslim design that was excellent for sailing the Indian Ocean
What enhanced ancient patterns of exchange
The building of second wave civilizations
What trade helped the kingdom of Srivijaya foster a developed bureaucracy
Spices
How were the Turks similar to the Arabians
They converted to Islam and spread it through conquest
How did the Mongols treat conquered people’s
The officials/bureaucrats were incorporated into their government
How were religions treated in Mongol territory
The other faiths were kept around/tolerated
What prevented Mongols from conquering Western Europe
Western Europe lacked pastureland for large scale horse grazing
Which body of water was the mains means by which the Black Death came to Europe
The Mediterranean Sea
How did women benefit from global commerce in the period of 600-1400
Women’s positions increased due to their producing a lot of trade goods
What was a service provided to merchants by government
Protection on long journeys
In what territory did Mongol culture change the most
Persia
How did Mongol society change in the areas it conquered
Change was tied to if the Mongols were living in/away from conquered lands
How did Buddhism change as it moved from region to region
It added regional gods/saints as Buddhist saints
What characterized pastoral societies
They relied on animals, they lived with kinfolk, they offered women higher status, they were mobile, they occasionally banded together in tribal confederations or nomadic states
What kinds of policies did the Mongols use to govern their empire
They set up a census to tax conquered people, they set up a bureaucracy, Chinese and Muslims were incorporated into the government, practiced religious tolerance
