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Animal Welfare > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is humane slaughter?

A

the killing of an animal for food by inflicting minimal to no pain

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2
Q

what were the two major laws that are relevant to humane slaughter?

A

1873 - The 28 Hour Law

1958 - The Humane Methods of Slaughter Act

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3
Q

what is The 28 Hour Law?

A

rail, steam, sail, or vessels of any description
amended to include trucks in 1994
enforcement began in 1996
must let animals rest, eat, and drink

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4
Q

what is The Humane Methods of Slaughter Act?

A

slaughter must be painless
poultry are exempt
this act had the most impact

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5
Q

who presented the first humane slaughter legislation?

A

Senator Hubert Humphrey and Representative Martha Griffiths

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6
Q

what was the purpose of the humane methods of slaughter act of 1978 do?

A

prevent needless suffering
improve safety and conditions for workers
improvement of meat products
increased economy of slaughter operations

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7
Q

what were the two methods of the 1902 humane methods?

A

conventional

religious

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8
Q

what was the religious method of the 1902 humane method?

A

slaughter according to the Jewish faith

the animal losses consciousness by simultaneous and instantaneous severance of the carotid artery

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9
Q

what was the conventional method of the 1902 humane method?

A

the animal is rendered insensible to pain after one blow to the head that is fast and effective before being shackled and cut

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10
Q

what are some regulations for a slaughter facility?

A 
pens maintained to prevent injury
non-slip flooring
roof over pen 
sharp corners and direction reversal are minimized
should always have access to water
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11
Q

what are the regulations when it comes to electric prods?

A

should not be used excessively
only used on 25% of the animals
must not exceed 50 volts

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12
Q

what are some unacceptable tools for handling livestock?

A

pipes
baseball bats
broom handles

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13
Q

what are the regulations for handling disabled animals?

A

must be moved to their own pen
can not be dragged
but you can use a sled, sling, or bucket
“the cow who stole Christmas”

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14
Q

what do you typically do with downer cattle?

A

euthanize

illegal to slaughter disabled animals for human consumption

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15
Q

what are the approved stunning methods??

A

chemical - carbon dioxide gas
electrical
mechanical - gunshot or captive bolt
barbiturate overdose

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16
Q

what are the two religious groups that are associated with religious slaughter?

A

Judaism - Kosher

Muslim - Halal

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17
Q

for Kosher, where are the rules of slaughter written?

A

Talmud

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18
Q

what is the purpose of the Talmud?

A

contains the rules of slaughter
food safety
animal welfare

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19
Q

what animals can be Kosher?

A

only ruminants
cattle
goats
sheep

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20
Q

what is the Kosher slaughter process called?

A

Shechita

Shochet

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21
Q

who is allowed to do the slaughter process for Kosher?

A 
slaughterman
specially trained Jewish male
must be pious (fair, good person)
some times the local Rabbi
must perform it "in the name of God"
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22
Q

what is a chalef?

A

special knife used to cut the neck of the animal

  • must be free from imperfections
  • must be two times as long as the length of the neck
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23
Q

for Kosher slaughter, what must they sever when cutting the animals neck?

A

both carotid arteries
both jugular veins
trachea

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24
Q

what are some major issues when it comes to ritual slaughter?

A

stressfulness of restraint
pain perception during the incision
latency of onset of insensibility (the amount of time it takes the animal to go unconscious)

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25
Q

what is a modern restraint method?

A

head holder
head must be restrained
only use the amount of pressure needed to restrain the animal

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26
Q

what are some welfare tips for religious slaughter without stunning?

A

calm the animals so they lose sensibility faster
fast knife strokes are more effective
perform throat cut immediately after restraint
vocalization score of 5% or less
knife is twice the width of the neck
release pusher gate and head restraint after the cut

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27
Q

what are the difference between Muslim slaughter and Kosher slaughter?

A 
Halal
- Muslim
- can stun if it is reversible
- can be performed by a "person of the book"
Kosher
- Jewish
- no pre-slaughter stunning 
- can only be performed by a trained Jewish male
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28
Q

what are 3 factors the must be considered to maintain animal welfare during ritual slaughter?

A

stress free
how long it take for the animal to become unconscious
pain perception

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29
Q

what are some issues with wildlife welfare?

A

societal concerns
orphaned animals
hunting
fishing

30
Q

what should you do when you find an orphaned or abandoned animal?

A
  1. wait - check to see if the mother returns
    - contact DNR if mother does not return
  2. don’t touch - do not want to get your scent on the animal
    - if you have to move it wear gloves
  3. do not approach - could be sick
    - if you get scratched or bitten you could be affected too
  4. do not adopt - can be dangerous for the animal and you
31
Q

is it possible to hunt or fish humanely?

A

yes

quick and pain free death

32
Q

what are some reasons to hunt?

A

leisure or hobby
food
family tradition
the thrill!

33
Q

why does society allow hunting?

A

population control

34
Q

what are major welfare issues with hunting?

A

length and distress associated with pursuit

latency to onset of insensibility

35
Q

how can you improve the welfare of hunted animals?

A

practice to ensure an accurate shot
take shots with low inherent risk
place rapidly lethal shots
-head or thoracic region

36
Q

what are some reasons to go fishing?

A

hobby
food
family tradition

37
Q

why does society allow fishing?

A

historical source of food
bonds with family and friends
maintenance of aquatic ecosystem

38
Q

what are some welfare issues when it comes to fishing?

A

tissue damage

latency to onset of insensibility

39
Q

how can you improve the animal welfare of fishing?

A

use barbless hooks for catch and release
keep fish in water
if catching for food kill immediately

40
Q

what is euthanasia?

A

the intentional cause of a painless and easy death to a patient suffering from an incurable or painful disease

41
Q

what are some unacceptable methods of euthanasia for animals?

A

manually applied blunt force trauma to the head
injection of chemical agents into conscious animals
air embolism
electrocution with 120V electricity
gas chamber

42
Q

what is a barbiturate overdose?

A

60-80 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital
intravenous administration
causes rapid unconsciousness and anesthesia followed by death
must be administered by a veterinarian with a DEA (drug enforcement agency) license

43
Q

what is a captive bolt?

A

uses a pneumatic or powder fired retractable metal rod
very portable
highly effective
may be followed by a secondary step (exsanguination)
approved for all species by American Veterinary Medical Association

44
Q

what kind of fire arm can you use for euthanasia?

A 
pistol, rifle, or shotgun
any caliber that produces immediate insensibility 
a solid bullet must be used
highly effective
approved for all species
45
Q

where do you place the device for stunning?

A

sheep and goats - top of the head
cattle - center of forehead
swine - parallel to spinal column. one inch about eyes

46
Q

after stunning what signs should you look for?

A

corneal reflex
rhythmic breathing
heartbeat

47
Q

what do you do if you see any of those signs after stunning?

A

secondary step to induce rapid and painless insensibility immediately

48
Q

what is the difference between captive bolt and fire arm?

A

fire are releases something

captive bolt has retractable bolt

49
Q

how long should an animal be monitored to confirm death after euthanasia?

A

5 minutes

50
Q

how can companies maintain trust?

A

auditing

51
Q

what are some reasons for auditing?

A 
verification
recognition 
niche marketing 
consumer assurance
management tool
52
Q

what does the auditing party do?

A

helps determine credibility

53
Q

what is first party auditing?

A

self auditing

little intrinsic credibility

54
Q

what is second party auditing?

A

audit performed by interested party (purchasers)

intrinsic credibility limited

55
Q

what is third party auditing?

A

audit performed by an outside group (specialized in audits)

highest intrinsic credibility

56
Q

what are characteristics of a good auditing program?

A

animal based - measure a few things that tell a lot
objective scoring - little inter-auditor variations
performed by third party - must at least perform spot-audits
regularly verified - at least annually
high standards

57
Q

what is the criteria for the meat industry program?

A 
stunning efficacy > 95%
bleed rail insensibility 100% 
falls < 1%
vocalization < 3%
electric prod use < 25%
no willful acts of abuse
58
Q

what are some challenges with auditing?

A

potential for inaccurate assessment

  • changes in the animals from day to day
  • changes in employees from day to day
  • small time sample
  • operation may learn how to “put in a show”
  • people tidy up fast or slow the line speed
59
Q

what happens if an auditing program does not improve industry standards?

A

it goes down

60
Q

what company and person were instrumental in starting animal welfare auditing in meat plants?

A

Temple Grandan

61
Q

what are the issues with in-person audits?

A

unrealistic representation

falsification of internal audits

62
Q

what is remote video auditing?

A

conduction of unannounced audits with the use of video

-works through secure internet connection

63
Q

what the theory with remote video auditing?

A

audit fewer animals at more time periods throughout the day to catch possible errors

64
Q

what is random sampling?

A

auditing a small subset of activities randomly could have sustained broad based impact on staff performance

65
Q

what is coaching theme?

A

providing continuous feedback to staff and line managers

66
Q

what is measuring excellence?

A

focusing measurements on success vs. failure

67
Q

what are reward programs?

A

instituting low-cost, high impact recognition/reward programs

68
Q

what percentage of cattle are being monitored with RVA?

A

50%

69
Q

what is the difference between RVA and CCTV

A

RVA is off site

CCTV is on site

70
Q

how does RVA system differ from in-person audits?

A

more cost effective and reliable

71
Q

what was the watershed moments that made most slaughter plants switch to RVA?

A

slaughter plant went bankrupt

Animal Welfare (6 decks)

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