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Animal Welfare > 317 Final > Flashcards

317 Final Flashcards

1
Q

agonistic

A

any behavior that is elicited during conflict

aggressive behavior, fear, or flight

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2
Q

agoraphobic

A

fear of new or unfamiliar places

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3
Q

allogrooming

A

grooming another individual

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4
Q

allorubbing

A

rubbing on another individual as a form of scent marking and expression of affiliation

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5
Q

altricial

A

requiring parental care and feeding for survival at birth

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6
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite for food

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7
Q

anxiety

A

anticipation of harm or danger

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8
Q

associative learning

A

learning through association between two or more stimuli or events

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9
Q

aversive stimuli

A

a stimulus that an animal finds unpleasant or painful and wishes to avoid

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10
Q

behavior chain

A

multiple behaviors that are trained together in sequence and which eventually can be elicited using a single cue

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11
Q

bunting

A

head rubbing on objects or caretakers

form of marking behavior in cats

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12
Q

castration

A

surgical removal of the testes in the male

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13
Q

classical condition

A

type of associative learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes conditioned to elicit a response through repeated pairing with and unconditioned stimulus

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14
Q

clicker

A

toy noisemaker commonly used as a conditioned reinforcer in dog and cat training

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15
Q

cognitive dysfunction

A

age-related neurodegenerative disorder resulting in a decline in higher brain functions of learning and memory

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16
Q

commensalism

A

a relationship in which an individual benefits from associations and interactions with another individual, group or species on a temporary or permanent basis

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17
Q

conditioned reinforcer

A

neutral stimulus that repeatedly and reliably precedes a primary reinforcer, eventually taking on the properties of the primary reinforcer

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18
Q

conspecific

A

belonging to the same species or social group

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19
Q

contiguity

A

the relationship between two events in time and place

paired events

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20
Q

contingency

A

the predictability of two events occurring together

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21
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

provision of reinforcement every time a behavior is offered

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22
Q

coprophagia

A

stool eating

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23
Q

crepuscular

A

active during early morning and dusk

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24
Q

cue

A

stimulus that elicits a behavior

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25
Q

desensitization

A

behavior modification technique that involves gradually increasing an animal’s tolerance to a particular stimulus by gradually increasing the intensity of the stimulus

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26
Q

differential reinforcement

A

provision od reinforcement only for those behaviors that meet a predetermined criterion of form, frequency, or duration

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27
Q

diurnal

A

being awake and active during the daylight hours and sleeping during the nighttime hours

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28
Q

dominance

A

relationship determined by behaviors that allow repeated access to and control over multiple types of desired resources

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29
Q

ecological niche

A

specific mirco-habitat in nature to which populations or organisms gradually adapt
provides food, nesting, mating, and protection

30
Q

ethology

A

the study of the behavior of animals in their normal environment

31
Q

extinction

A

the diminishing and eventual termination of a behavior when no reinforcement occurs

32
Q

extinction burst

A

a temporary increase in a behavior in response to the removal of reinforcing stimuli

33
Q

familial

A

observed within a family lineage

34
Q

flooding

A

behavior modification technique in which the animal is repeatedly exposed to an aversive stimulus without opportunity to escape with the intent of desensitizing the animal to the stimuli

35
Q

genotyping

A

genetic make up of an individual

36
Q

habituation

A

non-associative learning involving reduction in an innate response (fear) through repeated exposure to a non-harmful stimulus

37
Q

instrumental learning

A

trial and error learning

38
Q

intermittent reinforcement

A

occasional provision of reinforcement in response to a targeted behavior

39
Q

luring

A

inducing part or all of a behavior by guiding

40
Q

marking

A

deposition of urine to leave an olfactory signal

41
Q

negative punishment

A

the removal or withholding of a pleasurable or desired stimulus in response to a behavior, decreasing in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior

42
Q

negative reinforcement

A

the removal or withholding of an aversive stimulus in response to a behavior, resulting in an increase in the frequency of the behavior

43
Q

Neophobia

A

fear of the unknown or unfamiliar

44
Q

nocturnal

A

being awake and active when it is dark and sleeping during the day

45
Q

observational learning

A

a form of social learning in which one individual learns a new behavior simply by obsesrving another engaged in the behavior

46
Q

olfactory

A

involving the nose and sense of smell

47
Q

ontogeny

A

development of an individual from birth to adult

48
Q

onychectomy

A

surgical procedure for declawing cats in which the distal portion of the front and sometimes the back digits are amputated

49
Q

ovariohysteretomy

A

surgical removal of the female reproductive tract

spaying

50
Q

phenotype

A

set of observable characteristics that are determined by genotype

51
Q

pheromones

A

hormone-like substances secreted by an individual and which affect the behavior of another individual of the same species
often related to reproductive behavior

52
Q

pica

A

consumption of non-nutritive items

53
Q

piloerection

A

reflex in which the muscles at the base of the dogs hairs contract and causes the hairs on the back to stand up

54
Q

positive punishment

A

addition of an aversive stimulus in response to a behavior that results in a decrease in the behavior in the future

55
Q

positive reinforcement

A

addition of a pleasant stimulus in response to a behavior that results in an increase in the behavior in the future

56
Q

precocial

A

capable of a high degree of independent activity at birth

57
Q

primary reinforcer

A

a stimulus that is inherently reinforcing when provided as a consequence of a behavior

58
Q

punishment

A

a consequence that causes a reduction in the frequency of the behaviors that it follows

59
Q

reinforcement

A

a consequence that causes an increase in the frequency of the behavior that either attains a desired stimulus or avoids an aversive stimulus

60
Q

release word

A

a verbal cue that signals the end of a behavior

61
Q

sensitive periods

A

development stages during which an animal is especially sensitive to learning particular types of associations and social behaviors

62
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

the occurrence of anatomical difference between males and females of the same species

63
Q

shaping

A

modifying behavior by sequentially reinforcing behaviors that progressively approximate the target behavior

64
Q

social facilitation

A

effect of group interactions upon individual behavior

65
Q

socialization period

A

developmental stage during which young animal from primary social relationships and develop species-specific behavioral patterns

66
Q

spraying

A

marking posture used by cats to deposit urine on vertical surfaces

67
Q

stimulus

A

change in the environment that evokes a behavioral response

68
Q

stressor

A

a stimulus that elicits a stress response in an animal

69
Q

unconditional response

A

an unlearned response

70
Q

unconditional stimulus

A

stimulus that provokes and unconditional response

71
Q

xenophobia

A

fear of strangers

Animal Welfare (6 decks)

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