Exam 3

Question 1

What is Extended Producer Responsibility?

Answer 1

Strategy to place a shared responsibility for end-of-life product management on the producers, and all entities involved in the product chain, instead of the general public

Product designs that minimize negative impact on human health and the environment at every stage of the product’s life cycle

Question 2

What does the Chemical Accident Prevention Program rule require?

Answer 2

Requires regulated facilities to coordinate emergency response with local responders

Question 3

What is required by EPCRA?

Answer 3

Facilities must submit information about annual release of toxic chemicals

Question 4

What chemical was DuPont protecting?

Answer 4

PFOA; perfluorooctanoic acid

Question 5

What is PFOA used for?

Answer 5

Production of teflon for non-stick frying pans

Question 6

What are the three types of costs and benefits?

Answer 6

1. ) Private (incurred by the producer or consumer)
2. ) External (experienced by others than the producer or consumer)
3. ) Social (private + external)

Question 7

When does a perfect market exist?

Answer 7

Social costs = private costs

Social benefits = private benefits

Question 8

What is an externality?

Answer 8

Costs or benefits to those who were not part of a private economic transaction

Question 9

What is a positive externality?

Answer 9

A benefit to those not part of an economic transaction

Ex: private garden benefits neighbors plus bees and other pollinators

Question 10

What are 4 examples of incentive-based government regulations?

Answer 10

1. ) Payments
2. ) Subsidies
3. ) Tax credits
4. ) Low-interest loans

Question 11

What are 3 examples of neurotoxins?

Answer 11

Lead, PCB, and mercury

Question 12

Why create principles for green chemistry?

Answer 12

They provide criteria that can be used to clarify what are truly sustainable chemicals and chemical processes

Question 13

What practical use do the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry have?

Answer 13

1. ) They can be used as a tool for designing solutions for real problems
2. ) They can help identify unsustainable practices

Question 14

What are 3 ways that businesses can benefit from green chemistry?

Answer 14

1. ) Greater compliance with environmental legislation
2. ) Reduced costs associated with waste treatment and disposal
3. ) Innovating “greener” products to entice customers

Question 15

Elevance Renewable Sciences

Answer 15

Laundry detergents for cold water

Question 16

Chempol® MPS paint

Answer 16

Biobased Sefose oil paint for minimizing VOCs

Question 17

BASF

Answer 17

Degradable plastics

Question 18

Nature Works

Answer 18

Biodegradable plastics

Question 19

Codexis

Answer 19

Reduction of reagents

Question 20

Sherwin-Williams

Answer 20

Minimizing VOCs

Question 21

What is the most common exposure route for heavy metals?

Answer 21

Ingestion

Question 22

How does iron toxicity in soil affect plants?

Answer 22

Dark-green foliage, stunted growth of tops and roots, and dark brown/purple leaves

Question 23

What are 3 methods to reduce iron toxicity?

Answer 23

1. ) Improved Water Management
2. ) Applications of Phosphorus & Zinc
3. ) Genetically Modified Crops with Iron Toxicity Tolerance

Question 24

What are 4 ways that copper can be released into the environment?

Answer 24

1. ) Mining/Industrial Processes
2. ) Wastewater
3. ) Combustion of fossil fuels
4. ) Phosphate fertilizer production

Question 25

What are some possible side effects of copper intake?

Answer 25

Liver damage, kidney damage, death

Question 26

What are some long-term effects of zinc exposure?

Answer 26

Anemia, pancreatic damage, and decrease in HDL cholesterol

Question 27

What are symptoms for arsenic exposure?

Answer 27

Abdominal pain, destruction of red blood cells, shock, and death

Question 28

What is a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP)?

Answer 28

A chemical substance that persists in the environment, bioaccumulates through the food web, and poses a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment

Question 29

What are the health effects of POPs in humans?

Answer 29

Reproductive, developmental, behavioral, neurologic,

endocrine, and immune

Question 30

What are 3 heavy metals of concern?

Answer 30

Lead, mercury, cadmium

Question 31

What is the classification used by the Stockholm Convention?

Answer 31

1. ) To be ELIMINATED
2. ) To use with RESTRICTION
3. ) UNINTENTIONAL production

Question 32

Rotterdam Convention

Answer 32

For certain hazardous Chemicals and pesticides in international trade; provides Parties with a first line of
DEFENCE AGAINST HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

Question 33

What are the 4 provisions of RCRA?

Answer 33

Ignitability, Corrosivity, Reactivity, Toxicity

Question 34

Define toxic waste

Answer 34

Any waste that may cause death or severe injuries to the exposed victims