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BIO 151 prof. Kraai > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Autotroph

A

makes its own food

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2
Q

Define Heterotroph

A

consumes pre-made organic compounds

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3
Q

What is an exergonic reaction?

A

release of energy in metabolic or chemical reactions

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4
Q

What is an endergonic reaction?

A

requiring of energy in metabolic or chemical reactions

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5
Q

Is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic? Catabolic or Anabolic?

A

endergonic; requires light energy

anabolic; builds sugar

all forms of synthesis require energy

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6
Q

Is respiration endergonic or exergonic? Catabolic or Anabolic?

A

exergonic; releases energy

catabolic; breaks down sugar

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7
Q

Name the major groups of organisms that conduct photosynthesis

A

plants, algae, some bacteria

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8
Q

Name the major groups of organisms that conduct respiration

A

all

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9
Q

Where does the energy come from to make ATP in photosynthesis?

A

sunlight

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10
Q

Where does the energy come from to make ATP in aerobic cellular respiration?

A

sugar glucose C6H12O6

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11
Q

Is ATP synthesis an exergonic reaction in photosynthesis?

A

endergonic; because synthesis

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12
Q

Is ATP synthesis an exergonic reaction in aerobic cellular respiration

A

endergonic; because synthesis

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13
Q

What is ATP used for in photosynthesis?

A

make sugar glucose C6H12O6

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14
Q

What is ATP used for in aerobic cellular respiration?

A

cellular work

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15
Q

In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?

A

chloroplasts

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16
Q

What are the molecules at the start of photosynthesis? Where are they processed?

A

CO2 & H2O, chloroplasts within the mesophyll

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17
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

C6H12O6, O2, H2O

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18
Q

What are the molecules at the start of cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6, O2, H2O

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19
Q

What are the products of aerobic cellular respiration?

A

CO2, H2O, ATP, heat

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20
Q

In what organelle does aerobic cellular respiration occur?

A

mitochondria

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21
Q

In light dependent photosynthesis, what is the energy source?

A

sunlight

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22
Q

In light dependent photosynthesis, what is the substrate?

A

H2O

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23
Q

In light dependent photosynthesis, how does the substrate get to the leaf?

A

root hairs → xylem

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24
Q

In light dependent photosynthesis, in what organelle do reactions occur?

A

chloroplasts

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25
In light dependent photosynthesis, where in the organelle do reactions occur?
thylakoid / grana
26
In light dependent photosynthesis, what is the product?
O2, ATP, NADPH
27
In light independent photosynthesis, what is the energy source?
ATP, NADPH
28
In light independent photosynthesis, what is the substrate?
CO2
29
In light independent photosynthesis, how does the substrate get to the leaf?
stoma / stomata
30
In light independent photosynthesis, in what organelle do reactions occur?
chloroplasts
31
In light independent photosynthesis, where in the organelle do reactions occur?
stroma
32
In light independent photosynthesis, what is the product?
C6H12O6, ADP, NADP
33
List the four major tissue types in plants and their function
meristem: new growth or repair ground: physical support dermal: protection vascular: movement of fluid/food
34
Define chloroplast
organelle containing chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place
35
Define mitochondrion
organelle where respiration and energy production occur
36
Define active site
region of an enzyme that binds to a substrate
37
Define tertiary protein structure
3D structure of interactions between amino acids
38
Define somatic cell
any cell in a living organism other than gametes (2n)
39
Define gamete
reproductive cell, sperm and egg (1n)
40
Define photosynthesis
use of sunlight to synthesize food from CO2 and H2O
41
Define cellular respiration
catalyzed reaction of sugars into energy
42
Define stroma
aqueous liquid within chloroplasts, a sort of matrix
43
Define stoma / stomata
pores in a leaf surrounded by guard cells CO2 in, H2O and O2 out
44
In part 1 of ACR, name the substrate
C6H12O6
45
In part 1 of ACR, name the product(s)
pyruvic acid
46
In part 1 of ACR, name the e- carriers generated
NADH
47
In part 1 of ACR, is it aerobic or anaerobic?
anaerobic, no need for O2
48
In part 1 of ACR, can plants do it?
yes
49
In part 1 of ACR, can animals do it?
yes
50
In part 1 of ACR, where does it occur?
cytoplasm
51
In part 2 & 3 of ACR, name the substrate
pyruvic acid and O2
52
In part 2 & 3 of ACR, name the product(s)
H2O, CO2, ATP
53
In part 2 & 3 of ACR, name the e- carriers generated
NADH, FADH2
54
In part 2 & 3 of ACR, what is the number of ATP generated
36
55
In part 2 & 3 of ACR, is it anaerobic or aerobic?
aerobic, needs O2
56
In part 2 & 3 of ACR, can animals do it?
yes
57
In part 2 & 3 of ACR, can plants do it?
yes
58
In part 1of ACR, what is the number of ATP generated
2
59
Name the four monomers of nucleic acid (for DNA & RNA) and which bond with which
DNA: Adenine ↔ Thymine Guanine ↔ Cytosine RNA: Adenine ↔ Uracil Guanine ↔ Cytosine
60
Name the three major enzymes of DNA and their function
Helicase — unwinds DNA double helix allowing single strands to be copied Primase — synthesis of RNA primers as template to be built onto Ligase — "stitching" together of newly formed nucleotides with H bonds onto old strands
61
What is the chromosome number for haploid (n) and diploid (2n)?
haploid = n = 23 chromosomes diploid = 2n = 46 chromosomes
62
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
63
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid
64
Describe DNA
codes for all of life, made of nucleic acids
65
Describe chromatin
"invisible," threadlike, unduplicated genetic material
66
Describe chromosome
visible duplicated genetic material used in cell division
67
Describe chromatid
each of the two strands from a divided chromosome
68
Describe genome
entire genetic complement of an individual
69
What is point mutation and chromosome mutation? Which is more likely to be problematic?
point mutation — replacement of a single base pair of nucleotides chromosome mutation — a missing/extra/irregular portion of chromosomal DNA most problematic = chromosome mutation

BIO 151 prof. Kraai (5 decks)

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