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BIO 151 prof. Kraai > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Autotroph

A

makes its own food

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2
Q

Define Heterotroph

A

consumes pre-made organic compounds

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3
Q

What is an exergonic reaction?

A

release of energy in metabolic or chemical reactions

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4
Q

What is an endergonic reaction?

A

requiring of energy in metabolic or chemical reactions

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5
Q

Is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic? Catabolic or Anabolic?

A

endergonic; requires light energy

anabolic; builds sugar

all forms of synthesis require energy

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6
Q

Is respiration endergonic or exergonic? Catabolic or Anabolic?

A

exergonic; releases energy

catabolic; breaks down sugar

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7
Q

Name the major groups of organisms that conduct photosynthesis

A

plants, algae, some bacteria

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8
Q

Name the major groups of organisms that conduct respiration

A

all

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9
Q

Where does the energy come from to make ATP in photosynthesis?

A

sunlight

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10
Q

Where does the energy come from to make ATP in aerobic cellular respiration?

A

sugar glucose C6H12O6

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11
Q

Is ATP synthesis an exergonic reaction in photosynthesis?

A

endergonic; because synthesis

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12
Q

Is ATP synthesis an exergonic reaction in aerobic cellular respiration

A

endergonic; because synthesis

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13
Q

What is ATP used for in photosynthesis?

A

make sugar glucose C6H12O6

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14
Q

What is ATP used for in aerobic cellular respiration?

A

cellular work

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15
Q

In what organelle does photosynthesis take place?

A

chloroplasts

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16
Q

What are the molecules at the start of photosynthesis? Where are they processed?

A

CO2 & H2O, chloroplasts within the mesophyll

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17
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

C6H12O6, O2, H2O

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18
Q

What are the molecules at the start of cellular respiration?

A

C6H12O6, O2, H2O

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19
Q

What are the products of aerobic cellular respiration?

A

CO2, H2O, ATP, heat

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20
Q

In what organelle does aerobic cellular respiration occur?

A

mitochondria

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21
Q

In light dependent photosynthesis, what is the energy source?

A

sunlight

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22
Q

In light dependent photosynthesis, what is the substrate?

A

H2O

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23
Q

In light dependent photosynthesis, how does the substrate get to the leaf?

A

root hairs → xylem

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24
Q

In light dependent photosynthesis, in what organelle do reactions occur?

A

chloroplasts

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25
Q

In light dependent photosynthesis, where in the organelle do reactions occur?

A

thylakoid / grana

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26
Q

In light dependent photosynthesis, what is the product?

A

O2, ATP, NADPH

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27
Q

In light independent photosynthesis, what is the energy source?

A

ATP, NADPH

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28
Q

In light independent photosynthesis, what is the substrate?

A

CO2

29
Q

In light independent photosynthesis, how does the substrate get to the leaf?

A

stoma / stomata

30
Q

In light independent photosynthesis, in what organelle do reactions occur?

A

chloroplasts

31
Q

In light independent photosynthesis, where in the organelle do reactions occur?

A

stroma

32
Q

In light independent photosynthesis, what is the product?

A

C6H12O6, ADP, NADP

33
Q

List the four major tissue types in plants and their function

A

meristem: new growth or repair
ground: physical support
dermal: protection
vascular: movement of fluid/food

34
Q

Define chloroplast

A

organelle containing chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place

35
Q

Define mitochondrion

A

organelle where respiration and energy production occur

36
Q

Define active site

A

region of an enzyme that binds to a substrate

37
Q

Define tertiary protein structure

A

3D structure of interactions between amino acids

38
Q

Define somatic cell

A

any cell in a living organism other than gametes (2n)

39
Q

Define gamete

A

reproductive cell, sperm and egg (1n)

40
Q

Define photosynthesis

A

use of sunlight to synthesize food from CO2 and H2O

41
Q

Define cellular respiration

A

catalyzed reaction of sugars into energy

42
Q

Define stroma

A

aqueous liquid within chloroplasts, a sort of matrix

43
Q

Define stoma / stomata

A

pores in a leaf surrounded by guard cells

CO2 in, H2O and O2 out

44
Q

In part 1 of ACR, name the substrate

A

C6H12O6

45
Q

In part 1 of ACR, name the product(s)

A

pyruvic acid

46
Q

In part 1 of ACR, name the e- carriers generated

A

NADH

47
Q

In part 1 of ACR, is it aerobic or anaerobic?

A

anaerobic, no need for O2

48
Q

In part 1 of ACR, can plants do it?

A

yes

49
Q

In part 1 of ACR, can animals do it?

A

yes

50
Q

In part 1 of ACR, where does it occur?

A

cytoplasm

51
Q

In part 2 & 3 of ACR, name the substrate

A

pyruvic acid and O2

52
Q

In part 2 & 3 of ACR, name the product(s)

A

H2O, CO2, ATP

53
Q

In part 2 & 3 of ACR, name the e- carriers generated

A

NADH, FADH2

54
Q

In part 2 & 3 of ACR, what is the number of ATP generated

A

36

55
Q

In part 2 & 3 of ACR, is it anaerobic or aerobic?

A

aerobic, needs O2

56
Q

In part 2 & 3 of ACR, can animals do it?

A

yes

57
Q

In part 2 & 3 of ACR, can plants do it?

A

yes

58
Q

In part 1of ACR, what is the number of ATP generated

A

2

59
Q

Name the four monomers of nucleic acid (for DNA & RNA) and which bond with which

A

DNA:
Adenine ↔ Thymine
Guanine ↔ Cytosine

RNA:
Adenine ↔ Uracil
Guanine ↔ Cytosine

60
Q

Name the three major enzymes of DNA and their function

A

Helicase — unwinds DNA double helix allowing single strands to be copied

Primase — synthesis of RNA primers as template to be built onto

Ligase — “stitching” together of newly formed nucleotides with H bonds onto old strands

61
Q

What is the chromosome number for haploid (n) and diploid (2n)?

A

haploid = n = 23 chromosomes

diploid = 2n = 46 chromosomes

62
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

63
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

64
Q

Describe DNA

A

codes for all of life, made of nucleic acids

65
Q

Describe chromatin

A

“invisible,” threadlike, unduplicated genetic material

66
Q

Describe chromosome

A

visible duplicated genetic material used in cell division

67
Q

Describe chromatid

A

each of the two strands from a divided chromosome

68
Q

Describe genome

A

entire genetic complement of an individual

69
Q

What is point mutation and chromosome mutation? Which is more likely to be problematic?

A

point mutation — replacement of a single base pair of nucleotides

chromosome mutation — a missing/extra/irregular portion of chromosomal DNA

most problematic = chromosome mutation

BIO 151 prof. Kraai (5 decks)

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