Exam 3

Question 1

where does the small bowel start?

Answer 1

at the pyloric sphincter

Question 2

where does the small bowel stop?

Answer 2

ileocecal valve

Question 3

why use water soluble contrast? (for a small bowel follow through)

Answer 3

if a perforation is suspected

Question 4

positioning for rectum, sigmoid?

Answer 4

rectum: PA, PA axial, Lateral, AP, AP axial
sigmoid: PA axial, PA OBL RAO, Lateral, AP, AP axial, AP OBL LPO

Question 5

small bowel attaches to large bowel?

Answer 5

yes at the ileocecal valve

Question 6

a thin, triangular band of tissue in the abdomen that supports and anchors the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine

Answer 6

ligament of treitz

Question 7

the highest and deepest part of the colon, located in the upper abdomen where the transverse colon bends into the descending colon

Answer 7

splenic flexure

Question 8

slipping of one part of the bowel into another sometimes causing a blockage

Answer 8

intussusception

Question 9

a groove or furrow, especially one on the surface of the brain

Answer 9

sulci

Question 10

a bump or ridge on the surface of the brain

Answer 10

gyri

Question 11

longitudinal folds in the stomach, allows the stomach to expand when full of food

Answer 11

rugae

Question 12

small pouches caused by sacculation (formed by 3 longitudinal bands/muscles called taenia coli)

Answer 12

haustra

Question 13

positioning for transverse colon?

Answer 13

PA & AP

Question 14

enteroclysis positioning of the catheter

Answer 14

contrast is injected through a tube into small intestine

Question 15

enema tip direction/alignment?

Answer 15

direct anteriorly 1 to 1 1/2 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm), then slightly superiorly
total distance no more than 4 inches (10 cm)

Question 16

what does gas in the rectum represent?

Answer 16

also called flatulence, represents a normal byproduct of digestion where bacteria in the large intestine break down undigested food particles

Question 17

gas in the small bowel? adults vs infants

Answer 17

adults: usually small amount of air in 2 or 3 loops, any more than that can indicate bacterial overgrowth or crohn’s
infants: gas in small bowel can be normal

Question 18

which decubitus for ascending colon?

Answer 18

right lateral decubitus for “UP” medial side of ascending colon
left lateral decubitus for “UP” lateral side of the ascending colon

Question 19

malabsorption disease caused by mucosal defect in the jejunum

Answer 19

celiac disease

Question 20

small bowel series, how far does the contrast go until exam is done

Answer 20

all the way through the small bowel

Question 21

colon exam, lateral position for what anatomy?

Answer 21

lateral to see rectum and distal sigmoid portion
lateral decubitus to see ascending colon and descending colon
- LT lat decub: lat of ascending & medial of descending
- RT lat decub: meidal of ascending & lat of descending

Question 22

chassard-lapine projection

Answer 22

axial projection
demonstrates the rectum, rectosigmoid junction, and sigmoid in the axial projection

Question 23

why perform a KUB before a UGI or BE?

Answer 23

it provides a preliminary view of the abdominal area, allowing the radiologist to identify any potential abnormalities in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder that could be misinterpreted as GI issues during the subsequent barium contrast studies, thus ensuring a more accurate diagnosis

Question 24

colitis vs diverticulitis

Answer 24

colitis: inflammation of the colon, begins in the rectum, proceeds toward cecum, unknown cause, hemorrhage, infrequently needs surgery
diverticulitis: inflammation of diverticula in the alimentary canal

Question 25

anatomy of the small and large bowel (pictures)