Exam 1

Question 1

a series of involuntary, wave-like muscle contractions that move contents through tubular organs, such as the digestive tract & ureters

Answer 1

peristalsis

Question 2

occurs in patients with GERD when toxic substances such as gastric acid, pepsin, and bile salts come into contact with and damage the esophageal mucosa

Answer 2

reflux esophagitis

Question 3

the action or process of swallowing

Answer 3

deglutition

Question 4

an abnormally dilated or swollen blood or lymph vessel and especially a vein

Answer 4

varix

Question 5

lubricates the mouth, aids in chewing and digestion, and helps control the body’s water balance
(70% of saliva production)

Answer 5

parotid gland function

Question 6

located in the anterior part of the mouth’s floor, just below the mucosa. it’s a 5cm long tube that transports saliva from the submandibular gland to the sublingual caruncle in the mouth

Answer 6

wharton’s duct (submandibular)

Question 7

the duct enters the mouth in the cheek, opposite the upper second molar tooth. it is the route that saliva takes from the major salivary gland, the parotid gland, into the mouth

Answer 7

stenson’s duct (parotid)

Question 8

a group of excretory ducts that drain saliva from the sublingual gland onto the floor of the mouth

Answer 8

ducts of rivinus

Question 9

what vocal sound does the patient make during certain pharynx/larynx exams?

Question 10

cleft palate studies

Answer 10

Phonation helps visualize the range of motion of the soft palate for cleft palate studies

Question 11

the function of the pharynx

Answer 11

• airway: allows air to pass from the nasal & oral cavities to the larynx & lungs
• digestive: moves food & liquid from the mouth to the esophagus and stomach
• speech: used in speech by articulating pharyngeal consonants and acting as a resonating chamber during phonation

Question 12

what anatomy mitigates aspiration?

Answer 12

the epiglottis

Question 13

difficulty swallowing

Answer 13

dysphagia

Question 14

an abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel, canal, or other tubular organ or structure

Answer 14

stenosis

Question 14

a rare swallowing disorder that affects the esophagus

Answer 14

achalasia

Question 15

an irregular, bulging pouch in the colon wall

Answer 15

diverticulum

Question 16

lies posteriorly above the soft & hard palate

Answer 16

nasophaynx

Question 17

lies posterior to the larynx, its anterior wall being formed by the posterior surface of the larynx, it extends inferiorly and is continuous with the esophagus

Answer 17

oropharynx

Question 18

parathyroid gland function

Answer 18

regulates calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in the blood and bones
maintain serum calcium homeostasis through the synthesis and release of PTH

Question 19

resting-state of the circopharyngeus

Answer 19

when the circopharyngeus muscle closes the passage way between the pharynx and esophagus

Question 20

the pharynx attaches to the?

Answer 20

larynx and esophagus

Question 21

why do we take “control” images of the salivary glands (or abdomen-KUB)?

Answer 21

for radio-opaque calculi
a) lateral, OBL & AP views
b) control tongue with depressor

Question 22

another word for tonsils?

Answer 22

adenoids