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Geology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The energy for waves comes from

A

the winds

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2
Q

Most beaches have the largest waves in the

A

winter

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3
Q

The horizontal distance from one wave crest to the next crest is the

A

wavelength

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4
Q

Wave base for a wave is equal to

A

half the wavelegth

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5
Q

The energy of waves is concentrated on points and headlands by the process of

A

refraction

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6
Q

The circular motions of the water beneath a wave are called

A

orbitals

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7
Q

Seawalls can cause increased erosion by causing waves to

A

reflect

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8
Q

A pair of structures projecting out from the coast and intended to keep a harbor mouth open are

A

jetties

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9
Q

Beach erosion is greater problem today than in the past mainly because of

A

Most rivers are damned, cutting off the supply of new sand

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10
Q

The greatest loss of sand from beachse occurs as

A

the sand flows down submarine canyons

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11
Q

If a groin is built then there will be

A

some deposition on the side that the longshore current is coming from but an equal amount of erosion on the down-current side

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12
Q

Between the berm and the seasliffs you would find what part of the beach

A

Backshore

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13
Q

Between the foreshore and the backshore of a beach you will find

A

the berm

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14
Q

Larger waves will cause more sand to be stored in which part of a beach

A

Offshore

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15
Q

Sand is transported along th ebeach by

A

littoral drift

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16
Q

in the winter beaches are

A

Steeper

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17
Q

Wave erosion can produce

A

sea arches

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18
Q

A sand bar that runs parallel to the coastline may form what type of island

A

barrier

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19
Q

A sand bar attached to the coast on one end is called

A

spit

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20
Q

A tied island is connected to the coast by a sandbar called

A

tombolo

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21
Q

A series of marine terraces indicates

A

the coasline is uplifted

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22
Q

The steepest part of a continental margin is the

A

continental slope

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23
Q

At the bottom of a continental slope, you would expect to find

A

Continental shelf

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24
Q

Submarine telephone cables are most commonly broken by

A

turbidity currents

25
Q

An ophiolite is thought to be

A

a slice of ocean crust

26
Q

Which is not part of an ophilite sequence

A

rhyolite

27
Q

the deepest part of the oceans are the

A

trenches

28
Q

Submarine canyons are carved out by

A

turbidity currents

29
Q

A rift valley is found in what part of an ocean

A

mid ocean-ridges

30
Q

Sediment that settles through the water column is called

A

pelagic

31
Q

The features that cross the ridges at right angles are

A

fracture zone

32
Q

The movements of the turbidity currents following the 1929 quake are known because of

A

broken telephone cables

33
Q

The shelf break is the boundry between the continental shelf and the

A

Continental slope

34
Q

A structure that has dips away form it on all sides is a

A

dome

35
Q

A fold with both limbs dipping towards the axis is a

A

syncline

36
Q

A good example of a “sag pond” is

A

Lake Elsinore

37
Q

A break in rocks where there has not been relative motion is called a

A

joint

38
Q

If a syncline on a geologic mapforms a nose pointing towards the north is a plunging to the

A

south

39
Q

The side of a fault surface is called the

A

foot wall

40
Q

A thrust fault is a type of

A

reverse fault

41
Q

The faults that result from compressional stress are

A

reverse

42
Q

Normals faults would be most important at what type of plate boundary

A

diverging

43
Q

Which of the following mountains formed as “pressure ridges” at a bend in the San andreas fault

A

San Gabriel

44
Q

The “big bend” in the Sand Andreas fault is near the intersection of the San Adreas and

A

Garlock Fault

45
Q

The epicenter of an earthquake, by definition, must always be at the

A

Surface of the earth

46
Q

The largest earthquake likely to occur in Southern California is expected to be on the

A

San Andreas Fault

47
Q

The odds of getting aftershocks after a large quake are

A

100%

48
Q

The Richter scale measures

A

energy released in an earthquake

49
Q

If the P and S waves arrive at almost the same time it means that

A

the epicenter is nearby

50
Q

The seismic waves produced by a magnitude 8 quake will be how many times larger than the ones produced by a magnitude 5 earthquake?

A

1000

51
Q

A magnitude 8 earthquake will release how many times the energy of a mag 5 quake

A

27,000

52
Q

An earthquake that caused toatl destruction in an area would have a Mercalli intensity of

A

XII

53
Q

Having water between the grains of sediment increases the chances of liquefaction

A

liquefaction

54
Q

A seismic gap is

A

A segment of an active fault where an eathquake has not occurred in a long time

55
Q

The typical height of a tsunami in the open ocean is

A

2-3 feet

56
Q

Tsunamis travel at a speed of about

A

500mph

57
Q

Large seawalls have been built to protect towns from tsunami in

A

Japan

58
Q

Tsunamis

A

can be a serious threat to coastal areas after an earthquake

59
Q

The area of the USA that is most at risk for a subduction zone earthquake and tsunamis is

A

Washington and Oregon

Geology (10 decks)

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