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Geology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The Earth’s internal heat engine is powered by

A

radioactive decay and nuclear fission

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2
Q

Which of the following are not considered part of the Earth’s external heat engine

A

volcanoes

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3
Q

In the equation E=Mc^2, the c stands for

A

a constant equal to the speed of light

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4
Q

The energy to drive Earth’s surface processess comes from

A

the sun

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5
Q

Oceanic and continental crust differ in

A

Composition, density, thickness

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6
Q

you would find ocean trenches where

A

plates are converging

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7
Q

In California we have what type of plate boundry?

A

Transform

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8
Q

The Mariana trench has its origins as a

A

Subduction zone near an island arc

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9
Q

The Red sea is an example of a

A

Diverging boundry

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10
Q

The force that moves the plates is

A

heat energy from internal convection

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11
Q

Japan is near a

A

Subduction zone

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12
Q

A zone of earthquakes that traces the path of a subductiong plate into the mantle is called

A

Benioff zone

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13
Q

The advantages of living in Iceland, such as plenty of inexpensive hot water and central heating, are due to its location

A

on a diverging boundry

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14
Q

Which tectonic plate are you on right now?

A

Pacific

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15
Q

Magma rise from the mantle to form new crust at

A

Mid-ocean ridges

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16
Q

subduction occurs

A

Trenches

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17
Q

Which was not produced by hot spot in the mantle?

A

Japan

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18
Q

85% of the Earth’s colume is

A

Mantle

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19
Q

An element is always

A

made of one type of atom

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20
Q

The atomic particle with a negative electrical charge and a mass of 0 AMU is the

A

Electron

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21
Q

The particles that are exchanged between atoms and are the only one involved in chemical or electrical reactions are

A

Electrons

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22
Q

Since the atomic number of C is 6 the isotope 13c must have

A

7 neutrons

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23
Q

An element that usually gives up electrons in a chemical reactions is called

A

metal

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24
Q

an atom becomes a cation by

A

losing an electron

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25
All the atoms of a particular element have the same number of
protons
26
The chemical bond that is strongest is
Covalent
27
The type of chemical bond that is easily broken by water molecules is the
Ionic
28
The most common element in the earth's crust is
Oxygen
29
An example of an amorphous solid is
glass
30
Which of the following is not a mineral
wood
31
a mineral must be
Solid
32
Which property is useful in identifying almost all minerals
hardness
33
A mineral that breaks into flat sheets has excellent
Cleavage
34
The property of minerals that is the most variable and often misleading is
Color
35
If you notice that a small sample of a particular mineral is very heavy, what physical property are you observing
Specific gravity
36
Which of the following minerals will scratch glass
quartz
37
The acid test is used to identify the mineral
Calcite
38
If a mineral has covalent bonds in one direction and ionic bonds in another it will have
good cleavage
39
According to steno's las, all the crystals of a particular mineral must have the same
Angles between faces
40
According to Bowen's reaction series, the first minerals to crystallize out of magma will be plagioclase feldspar and
Olivine
41
According to Bowen's reaction series, which mineral will form at the same time as biotite
sodium-rich plagioclase fedlspar
42
The continuous branch of Bowen's reaction series contains the mineral
Plagioclase feldspar
43
How will a magma produced by partial melting differ from the rock that was melther
More Felsic
44
The most common group of minerals are the
Feldspars
45
Hematite, magnetite and pyrite all contain
Iron
46
Graphite and diamond are both made of the element
Carbon
47
Silica tetrahedra contain a silicon atom surrounded by how many oxygen atoms?
4
48
The sheet silicate mineral groups are the micas and the
Clay minerals
49
Which of the following is not a framework silicate?
Pyroxene
50
A rock with a glassy texture has
No crystals
51
A rock with phaneritic texture has
Large Crystals
52
An igneous structure that cuts across the bedding in older rocks (is discordant) is called a
dike
53
The rate that the temperature increases with depth in the earth is called a
geothermal gradient
54
Pillow lavas form when
the eruption is underwater
55
a rock made of solidified colvanic ash is called
tuff
56
smooth lava is called
pahoehoe
57
the largest volcanoes are
shield volcanoes
58
Crater lake is an example of a
caldera
59
The type of volcanoe made entirely of pyroclastic material is
cinder cone
60
What California ski resort is located on an active volcano
Mammoth Mountain
61
In a phreatic eruption what gas comes out of the volcano
Steam
62
A mudflow created by a volcano is called
Lahar
63
The Deccan Traps in India formed at the same time as
the extinction of dinosaurs
64
Maurice and Katiya Krafft
were killed in a pyroclastic flow in Japan
65
Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering caused by
Pressure changes
66
The wind "sand-blasting" a rock is an example of what weathering process
Abrasion
67
The silicate mineral that most resists chemical weathering is
Quartz
68
Aluminum oxides and clay are produced when what minerals are weathered
feldspars
69
The most important natural acid for rock weathering is
Carbonic
70
The top layer in a soil profile is usually the
O
71
Minerals accumulate in which soil horizon
B
72
Tropical rainforests have what type of soil
Laterite
73
Tropical rainforests have soils that are
very nutrient-poor

Geology (10 decks)

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