Ch 5 Geo Flashcards
What does xenolith mean?
“xeno” foreign “lith” rock
What are the four ways of creating sedimentary rocks?
Weathering, transport, deposition, and lithification
What are the different types of weathering?
Physical or mechanical, chemical, organic acids
What are clasts?
A rock broken into fragments
What are the different types of physical or mechanical weathering?
Abrassion, frost wedging, pressure release, and activity of plants
What is the universal solvant?
Water
In wet climate, what type of weathering dominates?
Chemical weathering
In a dry climate, what type of weathering dominates?
Mechanical weathering
Name the minerals from least to most stable in weathering series
Olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite
What are the most stable minerals to weathering?
K feldspar, musovite, and quartz
When velocity increases what happens?
Erosion
When velocity decreases what happens?
deposition
What is deposition?
Sediment accumalates in a new location
In which enviornments does deposition occur?
glaciers, deserts, rivers, deltas, lakes, beaches, coastlines, deep ocean
What is Lithification?
when sediment is turned into sedimentary rock
What are a couple different types of lithification?
Compaction and cementation
Name an organic sedimentary rock
Coal or peat
What do you call rounded clasts?
Conglomerates
What do you call angular clasts?
Breccia
Chemical decomposition of halite is
rock salt
Chemical decomposition of of gypsum is
rock gypsum
Chemical decomposition of calcite is
limestone
Chemical decomposition of quartz is
chert
