Exam 3 Flashcards
Which medication is the best therapy for status epilepticus?
a. Diazepam
b. Levetiracetam
c. Phenobarbital
d. Potassium bromide
a. Diazepam
Which term describes signs and symptoms appearing after a seizure?
a. Interictal
b. Postictal
c. Preictal
d. Intraictal
b. Postictal
In the presence of DKA, which perceived deficiency initiates lipolysis?
a. Ketones
b. Glucose
c. Catecholamine
d. Growth hormone
b. Glucose
Which type of insulin is best for immediate onset of action in a cat with DKA?
a. Lente IM
b. NPH (SQ)
c. Regular IV
d. Glargine (SQ)
c. Regular IV
Which diagnosis is most likely for a patient whose cells are unable to take up glucose via glucose transport (GLUT) receptors?
a. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
b. Hypoadrenocorticism
c. Hypocalcemia
d. Hypoglycemia
a. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Which diagnosis is most likely for a patient who has a deficiency in the production of mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), or both by the adrenal glands?
a. Diabetic ketoacidosis
b. Hypoadrenocorticism
c. Hypocalcemia
d. Hypoglycemia
b. Hypoadrenocorticism
Which substance is important in regulating body electrolyte status by promoting sodium and chloride reabsorption in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions?
a. Insulin
b. Cortisol
c. Calcium
d. Aldosterone
d. Aldosterone
Which is one of the primary treatment goals for addisonian crisis?
a. Rapidly treat shock
b. Increase serum glucose
c. Restore depleted calcium
d. Slowly reduce serum glucose
a. Rapidly treat shock
Which test can be used to rule out hypoadrenocorticism as the cause of a patient’s hyperkalemia?
a. Bone marrow analysis
b. Ultrasonograpy
c. ACTH stimulation test
d. Fine-needle aspirate
c. ACTH stimulation test
Which is the diuretic of choice following rehydration and volume expansion in the treatment of hypercalcemia?
a. Hydrochlorothiazide
b. Bendrofluazide
c. Chlorothiazide
d. Furosemide
d. Furosemide
Which is the most common cause of hypocalcemia in dogs and cats?
a. Chronic kidney disease
b. Hypoalbuminemia
c. Puerperal tetany
d. Eclampsia
b. Hypoalbuminemia
In an emergency, which is the preferred treatment for severe hypocalcemia?
a. Calcium gluconate
b. Phosphate enema
c. Sodium chloride
d. Vitamin D
a. Calcium gluconate
Which is considered a hallmark of kidney injury or disease?
a. Increased amylase activity
b. Inflammatory leukogram
c. Increased lipase activity
d. Azotemia
d. Azotemia
Which is the most common tumor associated with hypoglycemia in a dog?
a. Hemangiosarcoma
b. Leiomyosarcoma
c. Lymphoma
d. Insulinoma
d. Insulinoma
A patient does not seem to know the location of its paws or body in space and trips over its own paws and drags them, spontaneously knuckling over. Which best identifies this problem?
a. Paresis
b. Nociception
c. Proprioceptive ataxia
d. Atlanto-axial subluxation
c. Proprioceptive ataxia
Which is the most common cause of spinal cord injury?
a. Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy (FCEM)
b. Intervertebral diskherniation (IVDH)
c. Neoplastic compression
d. Vascular accident
b. Intervertebral diskherniation (IVDH)
Which diagnostic procedure provides the most complete characterization of a spinal cord injury?
a. MRI
b. CT scan
c. Myelography
d. Radiography
a. MRI
A patient with head injury exhibits anisocoria. Which best describes this?
a. Unequal pupil size
b. Loss of ability to blink
c. Abnormal position of the eyes
d. Asymmetric lateral-medial eye movements
a. Unequal pupil size
Which term best describes a constricted pupil?
a. Miosis
b. Mydriasis
c. Nystagmus
d. Strabismus
a. Miosis
Which provides direct therapy to reduce increased ICP and improve cerebral blood flow?
a. Mannitol
b. Meclizine
c. Diphenhydramine
d. Maropitant citrate
a. Mannitol
Which best described enterohepatic recirculation?
a. Toxin excreted from liver is reabsorbed in the small intestine, extending its effects.
b. Toxin is continually exchanged between liver and gallbladder, heightening toxicity.
c. Toxin is continually exchanged between the lobes of the liver, increasing toxicity.
d. Toxin is circulated continuously between liver and bile for continual toxicity.
a. Toxin excreted from liver is reabsorbed in the small intestine, extending its effects.
Which of the following should be used when bathing an animal with topical toxin exposure?
a. Soothing oatmeal shampoo
b. Hot water
c. Activated charcoal
d. Dishwashing detergent
d. Dishwashing detergent
Which is a common antidote for acetaminophen toxicity?
a. Ethanol
b. Atropine
c. Flumazenil
d. N-acetylcysteine
d. N-acetylcysteine
Which is a common antidote for organophosphate toxicity?
a. Ethanol
b. Atropine
c. Flumazenil
d. N-acetylcysteine
b. Atropine
A dog has been diagnosed with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity. Which antidote is the best option for treating this?
a. Naloxone
b. Vitamin K1
c. CaNa2EDTA
d. 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP)
b. Vitamin K1