Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Flashcards
How many staff members are ideally needed for effective CPR?
3 - 5
What is the percentage of ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation)?
40 - 58%
What is the survival rate of cats and dogs once they are discharged from the hospital after cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA)?
6% in dogs and 3% in cats
There is a 47% survival rate w/ anesthetic related cases and a 1% w/ non-anesthetic
CPA should be suspected in any unresponsive patient with no obvious signs of breathing or heartbeat. Who is usually the first person to detect CPA?
The veterinary technician
What are the three goals of CPR?
Return of spontaneous circulation
Return of spontaneous respiration
Prevention of permanent CNS dysfunction
What are the two types of external chest compressions and when are they used?
Thoracic Pump - Medium to Large dogs
Cardiac Pump - Cats and small dogs
What is the rate of compressions per minute?
100 compressions per minute
How often should you switch when performing compressions?
Every 2 minutes
Internal compressions are also known as ___, and should be done when adequate circulation is not achieved within __ minutes of external compressions and where ROSC is not achieved within __ minutes.
direct cardiac massage, 5, 10
Interposed abdominal compressions can help __ and should be done __ to external chest compressions.
improve venous return to the chest, alternating
How often should a patient be given a breath during CPR?
Once every 6 sec
During CPR, a capnometer can be used to access __, not ventilation, because CO2 drops significantly during CPA. Adequate compression result in CO2 above __
CO, 15 mmHg in dogs and 20 mmHg in cats
Intracardiac Administration
During intracardiac drug administration, drugs are administered directly into the heart. *This should only be used during internal compressions.
*Complications include lacerations, hemorrhage, and arrhythmia.
Intratracheal Administration
Drugs are delivered via the endotracheal tube when venous access cannot be obtained.
*Drugs must be diluted with saline and some may have to be increased in terms of dose
Vagolytic/Sympathomimetic drugs are drugs that ___. An example is ___
- Sympathomimetic or vagolytic agents improve conduction through the AVN by reducing vagal tone via muscarinic receptor blockade. They increase heart rate through their vagolytic effects, causing an increase in cardiac output.
- Atropine
Antiarrhythmics drugs are drugs that ___. An example is ___.
- Treat or prevent abnormal rhythms of the heart such as tachycardia and electrical impulse abnormalities
- An example includes Lidocaine (used to treat ventricular arrhythmias)
Calcium gluconate is used in electrolyte therapy because ___. It is no longer used because it actually causes ___
- it can increase myocardial contractility and enhance electrical defibrillation
- Stone heart
Vasopressors are drugs that ___. Example are ___ and ___
- Constrict (narrow) blood vessels, increasing blood pressure
- Epinephrine and Vasopressin
Sodium bicarbonate is used in buffer therapy to ___
counteract lactic acidosis due to hypoxia, poor perfusion, and anaerobic metabolism.
Naloxone is a reversal for ___
Opioids
Yohimbine is a reversal for ___
Xylazine
Atipamezole reverses ___
Dexmedetomidine
Flumazenil reverses ___
Benzodiazepines
Fluids are NOT recommended in ___ or ___ patients, but should be used in ___
- Normal or HYPERvolemic
- Hypovolemic
Defibrillation is the treatment of choice for ___.
It passes electrical current through heart cells to depolarize them and hopefully they repolarizes together and resume normal function
VF and pulseless V-tach
The ___ method can be used when a defibrillator is unavailable.
Precordial thump
