Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Question 1

How many staff members are ideally needed for effective CPR?

Answer 1

3 - 5

Question 2

What is the percentage of ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation)?

Answer 2

40 - 58%

Question 3

What is the survival rate of cats and dogs once they are discharged from the hospital after cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA)?

Answer 3

6% in dogs and 3% in cats
There is a 47% survival rate w/ anesthetic related cases and a 1% w/ non-anesthetic

Question 4

CPA should be suspected in any unresponsive patient with no obvious signs of breathing or heartbeat. Who is usually the first person to detect CPA?

Answer 4

The veterinary technician

Question 5

What are the three goals of CPR?

Answer 5

Return of spontaneous circulation
Return of spontaneous respiration
Prevention of permanent CNS dysfunction

Question 6

What are the two types of external chest compressions and when are they used?

Answer 6

Thoracic Pump - Medium to Large dogs
Cardiac Pump - Cats and small dogs

Question 7

What is the rate of compressions per minute?

Answer 7

100 compressions per minute

Question 8

How often should you switch when performing compressions?

Answer 8

Every 2 minutes

Question 9

Internal compressions are also known as ___, and should be done when adequate circulation is not achieved within __ minutes of external compressions and where ROSC is not achieved within __ minutes.

Answer 9

direct cardiac massage, 5, 10

Question 10

Interposed abdominal compressions can help __ and should be done __ to external chest compressions.

Answer 10

improve venous return to the chest, alternating

Question 11

How often should a patient be given a breath during CPR?

Answer 11

Once every 6 sec

Question 12

During CPR, a capnometer can be used to access __, not ventilation, because CO2 drops significantly during CPA. Adequate compression result in CO2 above __

Answer 12

CO, 15 mmHg in dogs and 20 mmHg in cats

Question 13

Intracardiac Administration

Answer 13

During intracardiac drug administration, drugs are administered directly into the heart. *This should only be used during internal compressions.
*Complications include lacerations, hemorrhage, and arrhythmia.

Question 14

Intratracheal Administration

Answer 14

Drugs are delivered via the endotracheal tube when venous access cannot be obtained.
*Drugs must be diluted with saline and some may have to be increased in terms of dose

Question 15

Vagolytic/Sympathomimetic drugs are drugs that ___. An example is ___

Answer 15

• Sympathomimetic or vagolytic agents improve conduction through the AVN by reducing vagal tone via muscarinic receptor blockade. They increase heart rate through their vagolytic effects, causing an increase in cardiac output.
• Atropine

Question 16

Antiarrhythmics drugs are drugs that ___. An example is ___.

Answer 16

• Treat or prevent abnormal rhythms of the heart such as tachycardia and electrical impulse abnormalities
• An example includes Lidocaine (used to treat ventricular arrhythmias)

Question 17

Calcium gluconate is used in electrolyte therapy because ___. It is no longer used because it actually causes ___

Answer 17

• it can increase myocardial contractility and enhance electrical defibrillation
• Stone heart

Question 18

Vasopressors are drugs that ___. Example are ___ and ___

Answer 18

• Constrict (narrow) blood vessels, increasing blood pressure
• Epinephrine and Vasopressin

Question 19

Sodium bicarbonate is used in buffer therapy to ___

Answer 19

counteract lactic acidosis due to hypoxia, poor perfusion, and anaerobic metabolism.

Question 20

Naloxone is a reversal for ___

Answer 20

Opioids

Question 21

Yohimbine is a reversal for ___

Answer 21

Xylazine

Question 22

Atipamezole reverses ___

Answer 22

Dexmedetomidine

Question 23

Flumazenil reverses ___

Answer 23

Benzodiazepines

Question 24

Fluids are NOT recommended in ___ or ___ patients, but should be used in ___

Answer 24

• Normal or HYPERvolemic
• Hypovolemic

Question 25

Defibrillation is the treatment of choice for ___.
It passes electrical current through heart cells to depolarize them and hopefully they repolarizes together and resume normal function

Answer 25

VF and pulseless V-tach

Question 26

The ___ method can be used when a defibrillator is unavailable.

Answer 26

Precordial thump