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BMS 110 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial tissue

A

-covers body, lines cavities
-glands are made of epithelial tissue
-form boundaries

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2
Q

connective tissue

A

-structural support
-connects structures of body, hold organs together

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3
Q

muscular tissue

A

movement, heat

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4
Q

nervous tissue

A

detects, processes, and coordinates information from environment (internal and external) and body’s responses to that stimuli

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5
Q

function of simple epithelium

A

diffusion and absorption

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6
Q

functions of stratified epithelium

A

gives protection and withstands wear

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7
Q

functions of transitional epithelium

A

permits expansion and recoil after stretching

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8
Q

what type of tissue supports epithelial tissue

A

basement membrane

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9
Q

describe the composition of connective tissue

A

composed of both cells and matrix

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10
Q

what is the difference between loose and dense connective tissue

A

Loose: few fibers, soft and supple, rich in cells, nerves, blood vessels
Dense: mainly composed of a lot of fibers

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11
Q

what is the difference between regular and irregular connective tissue

A

Regular: parallel
Irregular: nonparallel

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12
Q

what are the specialized connective tissues

A

-blood
-lymph
-cartilage
-bone

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13
Q

specialized connective: blood

A

-fluid
-contains cells, proteins and other compounds

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14
Q

specialized connective: lymph

A

-fluid
-contains cells, proteins, and other compounds
-found with blood

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15
Q

specialized connective: cartilage

A

-hard structural
-matrix rich in fibers ( collagen)
-no blood vessels

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16
Q

specialized connective: bone

A

-hard structural
-matrix contains collagen fibers, proteins, water, calcium, phosphorous, salts
-matrix is ossified

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17
Q

what are the three types of cartilage

A

-hyaline
-elastic
-fibrocartilage

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18
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

-most common
-high concentration of collagen
-nose, trachea, ends of bones, fetal skeleton

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19
Q

fibrocartilage

A

-strongest
-high collagen
-knee joints, disks between vertebrae

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20
Q

elastic cartilage

A

-elastic fibers
-outer ear, epiglottis

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21
Q

chondrocytes

A

-cells that make cartilage matrix
-present in liquid holes called lacunae

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22
Q

lamellae

A

Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix

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23
Q

osteon

A

-structural unit of compact bone
-runs parallel to length of bone

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24
Q

central canal

A

hole in center of bone that contains blood vessels and nerves

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25
Q

osteocytes

A

bone cells

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26
Q

lacunae

A

lakes that osteocytes live in

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27
Q

canaliculi

A

canals that connect lacunae

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28
Q

fibroblasts

A

secrete protein fibers to make matrix

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29
Q

adipocytes

A

store fat

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30
Q

microphages

A

search for and ingest foreign entities and old cells

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31
Q

soft connective tissue: areolar

A

-lots of ground substance
-non oriented fibers
-provides cushioning, support, and blood to epithelial tissue

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32
Q

skeletal muscle

A

-voluntary
-striated
-multinucleated

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33
Q

cardiac muscle

A

-involuntary
-striated
-single nucleus
-branched

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34
Q

smooth muscle

A

-involuntary
-nonstriated
-single nucleus
-tapered

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35
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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36
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

Body Nerves that connect to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Connects the central nervous system to the body’s organs and limbs.

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37
Q

neurons

A

send and receive electrical signals

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38
Q

axon

A

transmits impulses to next cell

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39
Q

dendrites

A

receive impulses, sends to cell body

40
Q

what process creates new blood vessels to feed a tumor

A

angiogenesis

41
Q

Physical carcinogens

A

uv radiatio

42
Q

biological carcinogens

A

viruses

43
Q

Chemical carcinogens

A

heavy metals, hormones, asbestos, plastics

44
Q

sarcoma

A

-cancer of soft tissue
-muscle, fat, bone, nerve tissue

45
Q

carcinoma

A

-cancer of the epithelial tissue
-skin, breast, liver, lung, prostate, intestines

46
Q

adenoma

A

-benign tumor of a glandular organ

47
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

-cancer of a mucus secreting gland
-lung, prostate, pancreas, esophagus, colon, rectum

48
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

-begins in basal cells (stem cells that produce new cells)

49
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

begins in squamous cells

50
Q

melanoma

A

-begins in melanocytes(pigment producing cells in basal layers of epidermis)
-fast growing and Lethal

51
Q

what happens in tumor metastasis

A

cells break away from tumor and travel to new locations

52
Q

differentiated cells

A

when a cell becomes specialized in order to perform a specific function

53
Q

artery

A

carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

54
Q

capillary

A

small, branching blood vessels that form a network between arterioles and venules

55
Q

veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

56
Q

how are arteries and veins different

A

-veins have valves
-arteries high bp
-veins low bp

57
Q

What is the liquid part of blood called?

A

plasma

58
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells, carry oxygen
-life span of about 120 days

59
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells, important for immune response

60
Q

Thrombocytes

A

platelets, important for blood clotting

61
Q

how are thrombocytes produced

A

fragments of a megakaryocyte

62
Q

shape of thrombocytes

A

Inactive: disk
Active: branched

63
Q

blood from the body enters which chamber of the heart

A

right atrium

64
Q

blood leaves the heart through which chamber

A

left ventricle

65
Q

what prevents back flow of blood from ventricles into the atria

A

atrioventricular valves

66
Q

what are gap junctions

A

depolarization signals travel through these to get to the cells in the ventricles

67
Q

diastole

A

Relaxation of the heart

68
Q

Systole

A

Contraction of the heart

69
Q

heartbeat steps

A

1) blood enters atria
2) blood passes to ventricles (atria contract)
3)atrioventricular valves close (Lub)
4) ventricles contract
5)backflow of blood closes semilunar valves (Dub)

70
Q

SA node

A

forces blood from atria to ventricles

71
Q

AV node

A

forces blood from ventricles

72
Q

which is the strongest chamber of the heart and why

A

left ventricle
-it is the largest
- it has to push blood through aortic valve to the body

73
Q

hepatic portal system

A

veins>capillaries>veins
-blood from intestines goes to liver before heart

74
Q

pericardium

A

-epithelium
-outer sac around heart
-secretes lubricating fluid to protect the heart from getting bumped up as it beats

75
Q

epicardium

A

-epithelium
-outer layer of heart

76
Q

myocardium

A

-cardiac muscle
-contracts when the heart beats

77
Q

endocardium

A

-epithelium
-lines insides of chambers

78
Q

what is the role of serous membrane

A

secrete lubricating fluid that reduces friction from muscle movement

79
Q

blood serum proteins

A

-albumin
-globulin
-fibrinogen
-lipoproteins

80
Q

Leukocyte: Neutrophil

A

phagocytosis

81
Q

Leukocyte: Eosinophil

A

produce cytokines ( role in inflammation, allergies)

82
Q

Leukocyte: Basophil

A

produce histamine (promote inflammation)

83
Q

Leukocyte: Lymphocyte

A

B cells- produce antibodies
T cells- scan for problem cells

84
Q

Leukocyte: Monocyte

A

phagocytosis

85
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

thymus

86
Q

how is bleeding stopped in a small cut

A

rough edges catch passing platelets, which form a plug

87
Q

how is bleeding stopped in a big cut

A

-platelets rupture and release signaling molecules
-causes blood serum proteins to react
-fibrin net traps red blood cells

88
Q

positive feedback loop

A

a signal stimulates a responding signal that amplifies the original signal

89
Q

negative feedback loop

A

sends a signal that turns off the original signal

90
Q

P wave

A

depolarization of atria in response to SA node triggering

91
Q

PR segment

A

delay of AV node to allow filling of ventricles

92
Q

QRS complex

A

depolarization of ventricles, triggers main pumping contraction

93
Q

ST segment

A

beginning of ventricle repolarization, should be flat

94
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

95
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

96
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

BMS 110 (5 decks)

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