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exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

epithelial tissue

A

-covers body, lines cavities
-glands are made of epithelial tissue
-form boundaries

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2
Q

connective tissue

A

-structural support
-connects structures of body, hold organs together

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3
Q

muscular tissue

A

movement, heat

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4
Q

nervous tissue

A

detects, processes, and coordinates information from environment (internal and external) and body’s responses to that stimuli

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5
Q

function of simple epithelium

A

diffusion and absorption

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6
Q

functions of stratified epithelium

A

gives protection and withstands wear

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7
Q

functions of transitional epithelium

A

permits expansion and recoil after stretching

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8
Q

what type of tissue supports epithelial tissue

A

basement membrane

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9
Q

describe the composition of connective tissue

A

composed of both cells and matrix

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10
Q

what is the difference between loose and dense connective tissue

A

Loose: few fibers, soft and supple, rich in cells, nerves, blood vessels
Dense: mainly composed of a lot of fibers

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11
Q

what is the difference between regular and irregular connective tissue

A

Regular: parallel
Irregular: nonparallel

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12
Q

what are the specialized connective tissues

A

-blood
-lymph
-cartilage
-bone

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13
Q

specialized connective: blood

A

-fluid
-contains cells, proteins and other compounds

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14
Q

specialized connective: lymph

A

-fluid
-contains cells, proteins, and other compounds
-found with blood

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15
Q

specialized connective: cartilage

A

-hard structural
-matrix rich in fibers ( collagen)
-no blood vessels

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16
Q

specialized connective: bone

A

-hard structural
-matrix contains collagen fibers, proteins, water, calcium, phosphorous, salts
-matrix is ossified

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17
Q

what are the three types of cartilage

A

-hyaline
-elastic
-fibrocartilage

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18
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

-most common
-high concentration of collagen
-nose, trachea, ends of bones, fetal skeleton

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19
Q

fibrocartilage

A

-strongest
-high collagen
-knee joints, disks between vertebrae

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20
Q

elastic cartilage

A

-elastic fibers
-outer ear, epiglottis

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21
Q

chondrocytes

A

-cells that make cartilage matrix
-present in liquid holes called lacunae

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22
Q

lamellae

A

Concentric rings made up of groups of hollow tubes of bone matrix

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23
Q

osteon

A

-structural unit of compact bone
-runs parallel to length of bone

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24
Q

central canal

A

hole in center of bone that contains blood vessels and nerves

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25
osteocytes
bone cells
26
lacunae
lakes that osteocytes live in
27
canaliculi
canals that connect lacunae
28
fibroblasts
secrete protein fibers to make matrix
29
adipocytes
store fat
30
microphages
search for and ingest foreign entities and old cells
31
soft connective tissue: areolar
-lots of ground substance -non oriented fibers -provides cushioning, support, and blood to epithelial tissue
32
skeletal muscle
-voluntary -striated -multinucleated
33
cardiac muscle
-involuntary -striated -single nucleus -branched
34
smooth muscle
-involuntary -nonstriated -single nucleus -tapered
35
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
36
peripheral nervous system
Body Nerves that connect to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Connects the central nervous system to the body's organs and limbs.
37
neurons
send and receive electrical signals
38
axon
transmits impulses to next cell
39
dendrites
receive impulses, sends to cell body
40
what process creates new blood vessels to feed a tumor
angiogenesis
41
Physical carcinogens
uv radiatio
42
biological carcinogens
viruses
43
Chemical carcinogens
heavy metals, hormones, asbestos, plastics
44
sarcoma
-cancer of soft tissue -muscle, fat, bone, nerve tissue
45
carcinoma
-cancer of the epithelial tissue -skin, breast, liver, lung, prostate, intestines
46
adenoma
-benign tumor of a glandular organ
47
adenocarcinoma
-cancer of a mucus secreting gland -lung, prostate, pancreas, esophagus, colon, rectum
48
basal cell carcinoma
-begins in basal cells (stem cells that produce new cells)
49
squamous cell carcinoma
begins in squamous cells
50
melanoma
-begins in melanocytes(pigment producing cells in basal layers of epidermis) -fast growing and Lethal
51
what happens in tumor metastasis
cells break away from tumor and travel to new locations
52
differentiated cells
when a cell becomes specialized in order to perform a specific function
53
artery
carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
54
capillary
small, branching blood vessels that form a network between arterioles and venules
55
veins
carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
56
how are arteries and veins different
-veins have valves -arteries high bp -veins low bp
57
What is the liquid part of blood called?
plasma
58
Erythrocytes
red blood cells, carry oxygen -life span of about 120 days
59
Leukocytes
white blood cells, important for immune response
60
Thrombocytes
platelets, important for blood clotting
61
how are thrombocytes produced
fragments of a megakaryocyte
62
shape of thrombocytes
Inactive: disk Active: branched
63
blood from the body enters which chamber of the heart
right atrium
64
blood leaves the heart through which chamber
left ventricle
65
what prevents back flow of blood from ventricles into the atria
atrioventricular valves
66
what are gap junctions
depolarization signals travel through these to get to the cells in the ventricles
67
diastole
Relaxation of the heart
68
Systole
Contraction of the heart
69
heartbeat steps
1) blood enters atria 2) blood passes to ventricles (atria contract) 3)atrioventricular valves close (Lub) 4) ventricles contract 5)backflow of blood closes semilunar valves (Dub)
70
SA node
forces blood from atria to ventricles
71
AV node
forces blood from ventricles
72
which is the strongest chamber of the heart and why
left ventricle -it is the largest - it has to push blood through aortic valve to the body
73
hepatic portal system
veins>capillaries>veins -blood from intestines goes to liver before heart
74
pericardium
-epithelium -outer sac around heart -secretes lubricating fluid to protect the heart from getting bumped up as it beats
75
epicardium
-epithelium -outer layer of heart
76
myocardium
-cardiac muscle -contracts when the heart beats
77
endocardium
-epithelium -lines insides of chambers
78
what is the role of serous membrane
secrete lubricating fluid that reduces friction from muscle movement
79
blood serum proteins
-albumin -globulin -fibrinogen -lipoproteins
80
Leukocyte: Neutrophil
phagocytosis
81
Leukocyte: Eosinophil
produce cytokines ( role in inflammation, allergies)
82
Leukocyte: Basophil
produce histamine (promote inflammation)
83
Leukocyte: Lymphocyte
B cells- produce antibodies T cells- scan for problem cells
84
Leukocyte: Monocyte
phagocytosis
85
Where do T cells mature?
thymus
86
how is bleeding stopped in a small cut
rough edges catch passing platelets, which form a plug
87
how is bleeding stopped in a big cut
-platelets rupture and release signaling molecules -causes blood serum proteins to react -fibrin net traps red blood cells
88
positive feedback loop
a signal stimulates a responding signal that amplifies the original signal
89
negative feedback loop
sends a signal that turns off the original signal
90
P wave
depolarization of atria in response to SA node triggering
91
PR segment
delay of AV node to allow filling of ventricles
92
QRS complex
depolarization of ventricles, triggers main pumping contraction
93
ST segment
beginning of ventricle repolarization, should be flat
94
T wave
ventricular repolarization
95
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
96
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2

BMS 110 (5 decks)

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