chapter 10

Question 1

how many lobes does the left lung contain and why?

Answer 1

2, due to the orientation of the heart

Question 2

in tracing the pathway of air, which structure immediately follows the nose

Answer 2

pharynx

Question 3

which vessel carries oxygenated blood to the tissue fluid

Answer 3

systemic artery

Question 4

which brain center controls breathing

Answer 4

medulla oblongata

Question 5

external respiration involves the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between what

Answer 5

alveoli and pulmonary capillaries

Question 6

infant respiratory distress syndrome primarily affects who

Answer 6

premature infants

Question 7

the alveoli remain open because

Answer 7

surfacant, lower surface tension, and residual volume

Question 8

ventilation includes

Answer 8

inspiration and expiration

Question 9

during inspiration, in order for air to enter the alveoli what has to happen

Answer 9

alveolar pressure has to be lower than atmospheric pressure

Question 10

the primary muscles involved in inhalation

Answer 10

external intercostals and diaphragm

Question 11

vital capacity is equal to the addition of

Answer 11

tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume

Question 12

true or false: if your tissues are high in oxygen, you will begin hyperventilating to compensate excess oxygen

Answer 12

false

Question 13

the majority of carbon dioxide is carried as

Answer 13

bicarbonate ion in the plasma

Question 14

what does the respiratory system do

Answer 14

delivers oxygen, expels carbon dioxide, filters incoming air, maintains blood pH, produces sound

Question 15

what is the upper respiratory pathway

Answer 15

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

Question 16

what is the nasal cavity and what is it apart of

Answer 16

nose/nostrils - moistens, filters, and warms the air that comes in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
it is apart of the upper respiratory tract

Question 17

what is the larynx and what is it apart of

Answer 17

the voice box, it separates the upper and lower respiratory tracts: is has 3 parts to it- epiglottis, vocal cords, glottis
made out of hyaline cartilage
it is apart of the upper respiratory tact

Question 18

what is the lower respiratory pathway

Answer 18

trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli

Question 19

nasopharynx

Answer 19

it is open for breathing but must close when we swallow; uvula in back of throat life up when touched by solids and closes off the pathway to it

Question 20

oropharynx

Answer 20

directly behind the tongue, it is covered up by uvula when t is hanging down

Question 21

laryngopharynx

Answer 21

the end of it has 2 openings:
anterior opening leads to the larynx and rest of respiratory system; posterior opening leads to the esophagus and the digestive system

Question 22

conducting zone

Answer 22

the upper respiratory tract and the first portion of the lower respiratory tract
conducts air from atmosphere to respiratory zone deeper in body
includes: upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

Question 23

respiratory zone

Answer 23

deep within the lungs, it is where ACTUAL exchange of gases take place
includes: only the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli

Question 24

trachea

Answer 24

connects larynx to bronchi made out of hyaline cartilage, has mucus secreting cells and hair like cilia

Question 25

bronchial tree

Answer 25

where the trachea splits into 2 tubes called bronchi called primary bronchi and each primary bronchi splits into secondary bronchi and the branches continue to get smaller and smaller

Question 26

how many secondary bronchi are in the right lung

Answer 26

3

Question 27

how many secondary bronchi are in the left lung

Answer 27

2

Question 28

lungs

Answer 28

key organs for respiration base of them sit on the diaphragm they are paired, but not identical

Question 29

how many lobes does the right lung have

Answer 29

3

Question 30

how many lobes does the left lung have

Answer 30

2 depression for the heart is called cardiac notch

Question 31

what does the pleura do for the lungs

Answer 31

allows lungs to expand and contract without tearing the respiratory tissues

Question 32

what is the visceral pleura

Answer 32

it lines the lung tissue

Question 33

what is the parietal pleura

Answer 33

it lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

Question 34

what is the pleura cavity

Answer 34

space between visceral and parietal pleura it contains serous fluid

Question 35

pneumothorax

Answer 35

"collapsed lung" ir enters the pleura cavity

Question 36

what is the difference between ventilation and respiration

Answer 36

ventilation is the movement of air respiration is the actual exchanging of gases (respiration does not only occur in the lungs)

Question 37

where does gas exchange occur in the lungs

Answer 37

alveoli and pulmonary capillaries

Question 38

what are the 2 types of ventilation

Answer 38

inhalation - an active process where the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles contract (volume of lungs increase) exhalation - passive process where diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax (volume of lungs decrease)

Question 39

what are chemoreceptors and where are they located

Answer 39

they are receptors in the body that detect the levels of carbon dioxide and tell the body when respiration needs to occur at a faster/slower rate (higher levels of carbon dioxide means faster rate of respiration) -Located in the carotid artery, aorta, and brain stem (CSF)

Question 40

what activities and everyday things halt breathing briefly or alter your breathing pattern

Answer 40

coughing, swallowing, talking, laughing, singing, holding breath under water

Question 41

what is apnea and sleep apnea

Answer 41

-where breathing stops briefly and resumes spontaneously -condition at night where you stop breathing and spontaneously start again (may contribute to heavy snoring) effects of obesity and aging

Question 42

what is tidal volume

Answer 42

normal amount of air you inhale when breathing 500mL is the average approx amount per breath

Question 43

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 43

maximum amount of air you can forcefully inhale about 3,300mL for males and 1,900mL for females

Question 44

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 44

maximum amount of air you can forcefully exhale about 1,000mL for males and 700mL for females

Question 45

vital capacity

Answer 45

the total amount of air the lungs can inhale and exhale in one huge breath about 3,100-4,800mL on average

Question 46

residual volume

Answer 46

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation about 1,100-1,200mL on average

Question 47

total lung capacity

Answer 47

VC + RV