Exam 2, Week 6: Electrolyte Imbalances Flashcards
Instrumental for maintaining fluid balance in the body as well as nerve and muscle functions:
a.) Na+
b.) K+
c.) Ca+
d.) Mg++
a.) Na+ is Instrumental for maintaining fluid balance in the body as well as nerve and muscle functions:
What is the range for Na+ levels?
135-145
Na+ levels ABOVE 145 is called what?
Na+ levels BELOW 135 is what?
ABOVE is Hypernatremia
BELOW is Hyponatremia
Thirst, agitation, muscle weakness, and GI upset are signs of:
a.) Hypernatremia
b.) Hypercalcemia
c.) Hyperkalemia
d.) Hypermagnesium
a.) Thirst, agitation, muscle weakness and GI upset are Hypernatremia signs.
Hypotonic solution is given to drain Na+ levels out of the cell. This is a treatment for:
a.) Hyponatremia
b.) Hypernatremia
b.) Hypernatremia
Sudden onset confusion, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and headaches. These are signs and symptoms of what?
a.) Hypernatremia
b.) Hyponatremia
c.) Hypercalcemia
d.) Hypocalcemia
b.) Hyponatremia
If a hypotonic fluid is used to treat Hypernatremia, what would hyponatremia be treated with?
A hypertonic solution
Important for bone & teeth formation, as well as nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and clotting.
a.) Na+
b.) K+
c.) Ca+
d.) Mg++
c.) Ca+ is Important for bone & teeth formation, as well as nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and clotting.
What is the range for Ca+?
9-11; Ca+ call 9-11
The parathyroid gland is responsible for regulating calcium, so if it is out of control, it takes too much Ca+ from the bones and puts it in the blood.
What state does Hyperparathyroidism cause in terms of electrolyte imbalances?
Hypercalcemia
Corticosteroids and bone tumors can both cause:
a.) Hypercalcemia
b.) Hypocalcemia
a.) Hypercalcemia.
In terms of an EKG, which is responsible for shortened Q/T intervals, and which is responsible for longer Q/T intervals?
-Hypercalcemia
-Hypocalcemia
Hyper is shorter (faster)
Hypo is longer (slower)
What does Calcitonin do to Ca+ levels in the blood?
Would this be effective treatment for Hyper or Hypocalcemia?
Calcitonin lowers blood Ca+ levels.
Calcitonin would be effective in treating Hypercalcemia
Constipation decreased deep-tendon reflexes, kidney stones, lethargy and weakness. These are signs of?
a.) Hypernatremia
b.) Hyponatremia
c.) Hypercalcemia
d.) Hypocalcemia
c.) Hypercalcemia
What kind of IV fluid would be good for the treatment of Hypercalcemia?
What may be necessary to treat severe hypercalcemia?
Normal saline IV: 0.9% NACL.
Dialysis
If a parathyroid gland is not functioning well, it will not pull Ca+ from the bone-bank.
What does this do to Ca+ levels in the blood?
What does this then cause?
What else can cause this disease to occur?
lowers Ca+ in the blood, which causes hypocalcemia.
Diarrhea and VD deficiencies can also lead to Hypocalcemia.
A positive Chvostek sign is a marker of which:
-Hypercalcemia
-Hypocalcemia
What about a positive Trousseau sign?
Hypocalcemia causes both
Which is which: Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign…
-Cheek tremors/twitching due to touching of the temporal lobe
-Contraction of the hands and fingers due to inflation of a Bp cuff
Chvostek is cheek tremors
Trousseau is hand and finger contraction
Muscle spasms, numbness, tingling in the lips and fingers, and GI upset:
a.) Hypokalemia
b.) Hypomagnesium
c.) Hypocalcemia
d.) Hyponatremia
c.) Hypocalcemia
How would you treat Hypocalcemia?
Increase Ca= levels through IV or enteral route.
An important electrolyte in maintaining muscle and nerve function, especially in the heart and cardiac cells.
a.) Na+
b.) K+
c.) Ca+
d.) Mg++
b.) K+
What is the range for K+?
3.5-5
“Running a 5K is roughly 3.5 miles”
Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Metabolic Acidosis go together with what electrolyte imbalance?
Hyperkalemia.
It’s an unholy trinity. Diabetic Ketoacidosis, metabolic acidosis and Hypokalemia all go together in unholy matrimony.
Dysrhythmias are a big symptom in what electrolyte imbalance?
Hyperkalemia
And Hypokalemia as well.
If there is any excess or not enough K+ in the blood, it can cause dysrhythmias.
99% of K+ is found inside of the “X”.
Inside of the cell.
Hyperkalemia causes “X” T-waves
Hypokalemia causes “Y” T-waves, and a prominent “Z”
Hyperkalemia causes Tall T-waves
Hypokalemia causes flat T-waves and prominent U-waves.
Should you ever push K+ in a patient?
Why or why not?
No, you can kill them
In hyperkalemia, what diuretic can be given to get ride of K+?
Furosemide
What else can be administered to fight hyperkalemia? (Diabetes)
what is a drawback to this method?
Insulin can be injected to lower K+ by helping transport K+ from EFC to ICF
It can cause Hypoglycemia because insulin also moves glucose.
Diuretics like furosemide, as well as afflictions such as metabolic alkalosis, Cushing syndrome, and GI losses due to vomiting and GI suctioning can cause what electrolyte imbalance?
Hypokalemia
constipation, ileus, muscle spasms, and weakness are symptoms off:
a.) Hyperkalemia
b.) Hypokalemia
b.) Hypokalemia
What are Magnesium range levels?
1.5-2.5
This condition can be caused by kidney disease, and excess use of antacids or laxatives.
a.) Hyperkalemia
b.) Hypermagnesium
c.) Hypernatremia
d.) Hypercalcemia
b.) Hypermagnesium can result from excess antacids because many antacids contain high levels of magnesium.
Hypotension, lethargy, decreased deep tendon reflex, and respiratory or cardiac arrest:
-Hypermagnesium
-Hypomagnesium
Hypermagnesium
When magnesium goes high, these things go low
Furosemide and Calcium levels would be used in treatment for which:
a.) Hypocalcemia
b.) Hyperkalemia
c.) Hypermagnesium
d.) Hyponatremia
c.) Hypermagnesium
