Exam 2, Week 6: Electrolyte Imbalances

Question 1

Instrumental for maintaining fluid balance in the body as well as nerve and muscle functions:

a.) Na+
b.) K+
c.) Ca+
d.) Mg++

Answer 1

a.) Na+ is Instrumental for maintaining fluid balance in the body as well as nerve and muscle functions:

Question 2

What is the range for Na+ levels?

Answer 2

135-145

Question 3

Na+ levels ABOVE 145 is called what?
Na+ levels BELOW 135 is what?

Answer 3

ABOVE is Hypernatremia
BELOW is Hyponatremia

Question 4

Thirst, agitation, muscle weakness, and GI upset are signs of:

a.) Hypernatremia
b.) Hypercalcemia
c.) Hyperkalemia
d.) Hypermagnesium

Answer 4

a.) Thirst, agitation, muscle weakness and GI upset are Hypernatremia signs.

Question 5

Hypotonic solution is given to drain Na+ levels out of the cell. This is a treatment for:

a.) Hyponatremia
b.) Hypernatremia

Answer 5

b.) Hypernatremia

Question 6

Sudden onset confusion, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and headaches. These are signs and symptoms of what?

a.) Hypernatremia
b.) Hyponatremia
c.) Hypercalcemia
d.) Hypocalcemia

Answer 6

b.) Hyponatremia

Question 7

If a hypotonic fluid is used to treat Hypernatremia, what would hyponatremia be treated with?

Answer 7

A hypertonic solution

Question 8

Important for bone & teeth formation, as well as nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and clotting.

a.) Na+
b.) K+
c.) Ca+
d.) Mg++

Answer 8

c.) Ca+ is Important for bone & teeth formation, as well as nerve impulses, muscle contractions, and clotting.

Question 9

What is the range for Ca+?

Answer 9

9-11; Ca+ call 9-11

Question 10

The parathyroid gland is responsible for regulating calcium, so if it is out of control, it takes too much Ca+ from the bones and puts it in the blood.

What state does Hyperparathyroidism cause in terms of electrolyte imbalances?

Answer 10

Hypercalcemia

Question 11

Corticosteroids and bone tumors can both cause:

a.) Hypercalcemia
b.) Hypocalcemia

Answer 11

a.) Hypercalcemia.

Question 12

In terms of an EKG, which is responsible for shortened Q/T intervals, and which is responsible for longer Q/T intervals?

-Hypercalcemia
-Hypocalcemia

Answer 12

Hyper is shorter (faster)

Hypo is longer (slower)

Question 13

What does Calcitonin do to Ca+ levels in the blood?

Would this be effective treatment for Hyper or Hypocalcemia?

Answer 13

Calcitonin lowers blood Ca+ levels.

Calcitonin would be effective in treating Hypercalcemia

Question 14

Constipation decreased deep-tendon reflexes, kidney stones, lethargy and weakness. These are signs of?

a.) Hypernatremia
b.) Hyponatremia
c.) Hypercalcemia
d.) Hypocalcemia

Answer 14

c.) Hypercalcemia

Question 15

What kind of IV fluid would be good for the treatment of Hypercalcemia?

What may be necessary to treat severe hypercalcemia?

Answer 15

Normal saline IV: 0.9% NACL.

Dialysis

Question 16

If a parathyroid gland is not functioning well, it will not pull Ca+ from the bone-bank.
What does this do to Ca+ levels in the blood?
What does this then cause?
What else can cause this disease to occur?

Answer 16

lowers Ca+ in the blood, which causes hypocalcemia.

Diarrhea and VD deficiencies can also lead to Hypocalcemia.

Question 17

A positive Chvostek sign is a marker of which:

-Hypercalcemia
-Hypocalcemia

What about a positive Trousseau sign?

Answer 17

Hypocalcemia causes both

Question 18

Which is which: Chvostek sign, Trousseau sign…

-Cheek tremors/twitching due to touching of the temporal lobe
-Contraction of the hands and fingers due to inflation of a Bp cuff

Answer 18

Chvostek is cheek tremors

Trousseau is hand and finger contraction

Question 19

Muscle spasms, numbness, tingling in the lips and fingers, and GI upset:

a.) Hypokalemia
b.) Hypomagnesium
c.) Hypocalcemia
d.) Hyponatremia

Answer 19

c.) Hypocalcemia

Question 20

How would you treat Hypocalcemia?

Answer 20

Increase Ca= levels through IV or enteral route.

Question 21

An important electrolyte in maintaining muscle and nerve function, especially in the heart and cardiac cells.

a.) Na+
b.) K+
c.) Ca+
d.) Mg++

Answer 21

b.) K+

Question 22

What is the range for K+?

Answer 22

3.5-5

“Running a 5K is roughly 3.5 miles”

Question 23

Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Metabolic Acidosis go together with what electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 23

Hyperkalemia.

It’s an unholy trinity. Diabetic Ketoacidosis, metabolic acidosis and Hypokalemia all go together in unholy matrimony.

Question 24

Dysrhythmias are a big symptom in what electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 24

Hyperkalemia

And Hypokalemia as well.

If there is any excess or not enough K+ in the blood, it can cause dysrhythmias.

Question 25

99% of K+ is found inside of the “X”.

Answer 25

Inside of the cell.

Question 26

Hyperkalemia causes “X” T-waves

Hypokalemia causes “Y” T-waves, and a prominent “Z”

Answer 26

Hyperkalemia causes Tall T-waves

Hypokalemia causes flat T-waves and prominent U-waves.

Question 27

Should you ever push K+ in a patient?

Why or why not?

Answer 27

No, you can kill them

Question 28

In hyperkalemia, what diuretic can be given to get ride of K+?

Answer 28

Furosemide

Question 29

What else can be administered to fight hyperkalemia? (Diabetes)

what is a drawback to this method?

Answer 29

Insulin can be injected to lower K+ by helping transport K+ from EFC to ICF

It can cause Hypoglycemia because insulin also moves glucose.

Question 30

Diuretics like furosemide, as well as afflictions such as metabolic alkalosis, Cushing syndrome, and GI losses due to vomiting and GI suctioning can cause what electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 30

Hypokalemia

Question 31

constipation, ileus, muscle spasms, and weakness are symptoms off:

a.) Hyperkalemia
b.) Hypokalemia

Answer 31

b.) Hypokalemia

Question 32

What are Magnesium range levels?

Answer 32

1.5-2.5

Question 33

This condition can be caused by kidney disease, and excess use of antacids or laxatives.

a.) Hyperkalemia
b.) Hypermagnesium
c.) Hypernatremia
d.) Hypercalcemia

Answer 33

b.) Hypermagnesium can result from excess antacids because many antacids contain high levels of magnesium.

Question 34

Hypotension, lethargy, decreased deep tendon reflex, and respiratory or cardiac arrest:

-Hypermagnesium
-Hypomagnesium

Answer 34

Hypermagnesium

When magnesium goes high, these things go low

Question 35

Furosemide and Calcium levels would be used in treatment for which:

a.) Hypocalcemia
b.) Hyperkalemia
c.) Hypermagnesium
d.) Hyponatremia

Answer 35

c.) Hypermagnesium