Exam 2, Week 5: Assessment-Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Myocardial Perfusion begins with which arteries?
a.) Left and right coronary
b.) Left coronary
c.) Right coronary
d.) Neither
a.) Myocardial Perfusion begins in the Left and Right coronary arteries
From what vessel does the blood for Myocardial Perfusion come from?
The Aorta
The Aorta supplies the blood to the left and right coronary arteries so that what action can begin?
What does this action do?
Myocardial Perfusion
Myocardial Perfusion feeds the heart muscle so that it can pump.
Fill in the blanks:
The Left arteries perfuse the “X” side of the heart, while the Right arteries perfuse the “X” side of the heart.
Left arteries perfuse the Left side.
Right arteries perfuse the Right.
Which period gives oxygen to the heart?
-Systole
-Diastole
-Diastole, aka relaxation, provides the heart with oxygen
If a heart rate increases, what happens to the time spent during diastole (relaxation)?
The time spent during relaxation is reduced.
There are 3 layers to the heart. The endocardium, the myocardium and the Epicardium.
Which is the outermost layer?
Which is the middle layer?
Which is the inner layer?
Outer: Epicardium
Middle Myocardium
Inner: Endocardium
Which layer of the heart is responsible for pumping?
Myocardium
The Myocardium contains myocytes. These myocytes work alongside what system to allow for heart muscle contractions?
The electrical system
What is the name of the serous membrane structure that encases the heart?
The Pericardium
The pericardium has 2 layers. An innermost layer, and an outer layer. Which of these is the inner, and which is the outer?
-Visceral Pericardium
-Parietal Pericardium
Visceral is the inner layer
Parietal is the outer layer
Which pericardium layer attaches to the diaphragm, sternum, vertebrae and vessels, and which layer attaches to the endocardium?
-Visceral
-Parietal
Visceral is attached to the endocardium.
Parietal attaches to the diaphragm, sternum, vertebrae, and vessels.
What exists in-between the visceral and parietal pericardium?
20cc’s of serous fluid to fight friction.
The thickness of the arterial and ventricular walls of the heart varies in accordance with what?
Thickness varies according to the workload.
The ventricular walls are thicker than the atrial walls. Why would ventricular walls be thicker?
The Ventricles have a greater workload than the atria. They have to push blood out with great resistance, so they have to work harder. Because of this, they have thicker walls.
The right ventricle is thinner than the left ventricle. What might be the reason for the greater thickness of the left ventricle?
The left ventricle has to work harder by pumping out blood to the body (facing more resistance), while the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
What mechanisms of the heart are responsible for maintaining forward flow of the blood?
The Heart Valves are responsible for maintaining “forward flow” of the blood.
What is the most important section of the heart? Why?
The left ventricle is the most important section of the heart. It pumps out blood to the whole body.
Which heart mechanism prevents backflow?
The heart valves
-Which valves separate the atria and the ventricles?
-During relaxation, are these valves open or closed? What about during contraction?
The Atrioventricular valves: Tricuspid and Mitral separate the atria and the ventricles.
In relaxation, the tricuspid and mitral valves stay open, and during contraction they close
What are the valves that work with the aorta and the pulmonary artery?
During contraction, are they open or closed? What about during relaxation?
The Semilunar Valves: Aortic and Pulmonic work with the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery
The valves are forced open during contraction, but close during relaxation due to backflow.
The Nodal and Purkinje cells of the heart have 3 characteristics: Automaticity, Excitability, and Conductivity. Match the jobs with their corresponding characteristic:
-They respond to electrical impulse
-They have the ability to transmit an electrical impulse
-They initiate the electrical impulse
Automaticity is the initiation of the electrical impulse.
Excitability is the response to an electrical impulse.
Conductivity is the ability to transmit and electrical impulse.
Automaticity, Excitability, and Conductivity are all characteristics of what heart cells?
The Nodal and Purkinje cells of the heart
Which node of the heart is called “The Pacemaker Node?”
How many impulses does it send per minute?
The Sinoatrial node, aka the SA node, is the pacemaker of the heart
It usually fires between 60-100 bpm.