Exam 2, Ch 27 (Week 3): Diagnostic studies Flashcards
In a Bronchoscopy, where is the Bronchoscope inserted?
Through the nose or mouth.
Laser therapy, electrocautery, cryotherapy and stents are able to be used during what type of Endoscopy?
Bronchoscopy
What is a bronchoscopy?
Bronchi are seen through a fiberoptic tube that is inserted through the nose or mouth with a camera attached.
True or False: A Bronchoscopy can only be done in a Surgical room, because of the nature of the procedure.
False
A Bronchoscopy can be done in an outpatient procedure room, surgery room, or at the bedside in critical care or med-surge unit.
Can a bronchoscopy be done through an endotracheal tube?
Yes, it can be done through an endotracheal tube of a ventilated patient.
What is a Thoracoscopy?
A Thoracoscope is inserted through the lower end of the shoulder blade in-between the ribs to look at the space inside the chest (outside of the lungs).
Is A Thoracoscopy used to look at the space inside of the lungs?
No, it is used to look inside the chest OUTSIDE of the lungs.
During a Thoracoscopy, the doctor states that he is going to begin the procedure by inserting the thoracoscope directly through the patient’s sternum to look inside the patient’s chest space. Specifically, inside of the lungs.
What is wrong with this situation?
-A Thoracoscopy observes the chest space outside of the lungs
-A Thoracoscope is inserted through the back, below the shoulder blade and in-between the ribs.
What is the insertion of a large-bore needle through the chest wall into the pleural space called?
Thoracentesis
What is the purpose of a Thoracentesis?
To remove Pleural fluid or instill medication inside of the Pleural space of the lungs.
True or False:
A Thoracentesis is the insertion of a large-bore needle through the lower shoulder blade, in-between the lungs to collect Pleural fluid for the purpose of diagnostic studies, or medicine insertion.
False
Thoracentesis IS the collection of Pleural fluid for studies, or medication insertion, but its point-of-entry is through the chest wall directly into the pleural space.
What is the purpose of a Biopsy?
The removal of fluid, structures, tissue or cells for evaluation.
What would be the purpose of a lung biopsy?
The removal of lung fluid, lung tissue, or cells for evaluation.
What does a Pulmonary Function Test do?
Uses a spirometer to evaluate lung function
A Pulmonary Function test uses what tool to evaluate lung function?
A Spirometer
Using a Spirometer to evaluate Lung function is an example of what?
A Pulmonary Function test
Tidal Volume is the Volume of air that does what?
Moves in and out of the lungs during one Respiratory cycle.
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) of the lungs refers to what?
The amount of air a person can forcibly exhale from their lungs after fully inhaling.
Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1)
refers to what?
The amount of air forcefully exhaled in the 1st second of FVC
What isthe Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) test responsible for assessing?
It grades the severity of an airway obstruction.
Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) refers to what?
It refers to the maximum flow rate of air during forced expiration.
If a patient is forcefully expiring air as hard as they can, this amount of air that they can exhale is called what?
Forced Vital Capacity
If a nurse wants to measure the maximum expiratory flow rate of a patients Forced Vital Capacity, what would be the test that the nurse does?
PEFR, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
What does an “ABG” test stand for?
ABG stands for Arterial Blood Gas test.
What does a ABG test do?
Measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.
A nurse needs to check the levels of blood oxygen and blood CO2 in her patients arteries. What test would the nurse use to check for these values?
An ABG test. Arterial Blood Gas test.
What is a normal pH level? Normal PaCO2 level? Normal PaO2 level?
pH: 7.35-7.45
PaCO2: 45-35mmHg
PaO2: 75-100mmHg
A patient’s ABG tests come back with the following results:
Ph 7.39
paCO2: 41mmHg
PaO2: 95mmHg
What do these lab values indicate?
The patient is showing normal lab values for an ABG test.
The amount of O2 molecules bound to your Hemoglobin is measured by what diagnostic test?
Pulse Oximetry test.
A Peak Flow Meter measures what in a patient? What is it used for identifying?
The strength and ability to push air out of your lungs. Often used for Asthma effect tests.
A Green Zone range in a Peak Flow Meter test would be in what percentage range? What about Yellow? Red?
Green is 80-100%
Yellow is 50-80%
Red is anything below 50%
What is the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate measurable with a Peak Flow Meter?
up to 600 L/min
A patient’s HCO3- range should be how many mEq/L?
22-26 mEq/L
Expectoration, and Tracheal suction are methods of Sputum studies. What is one other method of culturing Sputum?
A Bronchoscopy
Inhalation of an irritating aerosol to forcefully induce expectoration is called what?
Sputum Induction
What is a CXR?
Chest X-ray
A Fluoroscopy involves passing what through the body over a period of time? What does this allow for?
It’s the Passing of x-rays through the body.
It allows for real-time videos of the movements inside of a body.
A CT scan (Computed Tomography) is used to do what?
Used to Diagnose suspicious Lesions.
If a physician notices a suspicious lesion on a patient which of these tests would he use to assess the lesion?
a.) Fluoroscopy
b.) CXR
c.) CT scan
c.) CT scans assess suspicious lesions
IF a Ct scan is inconclusive, a physician might try an MRI next. An MRI test, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, assesses for what?
MRIs are for an in-depth diagnosis of lesions that a CT scan can’t give. It’s also for differentiating Vascular and Non-Vascular structures.
If A nurse wants to do a test for discerning between Vascular and Non-Vascular structures in a body, which test would be done:
a.) CT scan
b.) MRI
c.) Fluoroscopy
d.) CXR
b.) MRI scans for in-depth analysis of lesions as well as discerning vascular and non-vascular structures.
An Angiography done on someone would check for the health of what?
The health of your blood vessels and how blood is flowing through them.
A patient shows signs of CHD (coronary heart disease) such as chest pain. The physician orders a test to assess for the patients’ blood vessel health by using a scan to see how the blood travels through his vessels. Which test would the physician use?
a.) MRI
b.) Fluoroscopy
c.) CXR
d.) Angiography
e.) Ct scan
d.) Angiography is used to see how blood flows through the vessels
A V/Q scan (Ventilation Perfusion scan) tests what?
The Ventilation and Perfusion of the lungs.
A radioactive gas is inhaled to outline the alveoli in what diagnostic test?
a.) CXR
b.) Angiography
c.) Lung Biopsy
d.) V/Q scan
d.) V/Q scan involves the patient inhaling radioactive gas to outline the alveoli
A patient inhales radioactive dust during a V/Q scan. The reports show a very small, almost nonexistent amount of radioactive gas in the alveoli after inspiration. What would this finding suggest?
There is a lack of perfusion, or a lack of airflow to the lungs.
What is perfusion in the lungs?
Perfusion is the flow of blood to alveolar capillaries.
