Exam 2, Ch 27 (Week 3): Diagnostic studies

Question 1

In a Bronchoscopy, where is the Bronchoscope inserted?

Answer 1

Through the nose or mouth.

Question 2

Laser therapy, electrocautery, cryotherapy and stents are able to be used during what type of Endoscopy?

Answer 2

Bronchoscopy

Question 3

What is a bronchoscopy?

Answer 3

Bronchi are seen through a fiberoptic tube that is inserted through the nose or mouth with a camera attached.

Question 4

True or False: A Bronchoscopy can only be done in a Surgical room, because of the nature of the procedure.

Answer 4

False
A Bronchoscopy can be done in an outpatient procedure room, surgery room, or at the bedside in critical care or med-surge unit.

Question 5

Can a bronchoscopy be done through an endotracheal tube?

Answer 5

Yes, it can be done through an endotracheal tube of a ventilated patient.

Question 6

What is a Thoracoscopy?

Answer 6

A Thoracoscope is inserted through the lower end of the shoulder blade in-between the ribs to look at the space inside the chest (outside of the lungs).

Question 7

Is A Thoracoscopy used to look at the space inside of the lungs?

Answer 7

No, it is used to look inside the chest OUTSIDE of the lungs.

Question 8

During a Thoracoscopy, the doctor states that he is going to begin the procedure by inserting the thoracoscope directly through the patient’s sternum to look inside the patient’s chest space. Specifically, inside of the lungs.
What is wrong with this situation?

Answer 8

-A Thoracoscopy observes the chest space outside of the lungs
-A Thoracoscope is inserted through the back, below the shoulder blade and in-between the ribs.

Question 9

What is the insertion of a large-bore needle through the chest wall into the pleural space called?

Answer 9

Thoracentesis

Question 10

What is the purpose of a Thoracentesis?

Answer 10

To remove Pleural fluid or instill medication inside of the Pleural space of the lungs.

Question 11

True or False:
A Thoracentesis is the insertion of a large-bore needle through the lower shoulder blade, in-between the lungs to collect Pleural fluid for the purpose of diagnostic studies, or medicine insertion.

Answer 11

False
Thoracentesis IS the collection of Pleural fluid for studies, or medication insertion, but its point-of-entry is through the chest wall directly into the pleural space.

Question 12

What is the purpose of a Biopsy?

Answer 12

The removal of fluid, structures, tissue or cells for evaluation.

Question 12

What would be the purpose of a lung biopsy?

Answer 12

The removal of lung fluid, lung tissue, or cells for evaluation.

Question 13

What does a Pulmonary Function Test do?

Answer 13

Uses a spirometer to evaluate lung function

Question 13

A Pulmonary Function test uses what tool to evaluate lung function?

Answer 13

A Spirometer

Question 14

Using a Spirometer to evaluate Lung function is an example of what?

Answer 14

A Pulmonary Function test

Question 15

Tidal Volume is the Volume of air that does what?

Answer 15

Moves in and out of the lungs during one Respiratory cycle.

Question 16

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) of the lungs refers to what?

Answer 16

The amount of air a person can forcibly exhale from their lungs after fully inhaling.

Question 17

Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1)
refers to what?

Answer 17

The amount of air forcefully exhaled in the 1st second of FVC

Question 18

What isthe Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) test responsible for assessing?

Answer 18

It grades the severity of an airway obstruction.

Question 19

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) refers to what?

Answer 19

It refers to the maximum flow rate of air during forced expiration.

Question 20

If a patient is forcefully expiring air as hard as they can, this amount of air that they can exhale is called what?

Answer 20

Forced Vital Capacity

Question 21

If a nurse wants to measure the maximum expiratory flow rate of a patients Forced Vital Capacity, what would be the test that the nurse does?

Answer 21

PEFR, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Question 22

What does an “ABG” test stand for?

Answer 22

ABG stands for Arterial Blood Gas test.

Question 23

What does a ABG test do?

Answer 23

Measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.

Question 24

A nurse needs to check the levels of blood oxygen and blood CO2 in her patients arteries. What test would the nurse use to check for these values?

Answer 24

An ABG test. Arterial Blood Gas test.

Question 25

What is a normal pH level? Normal PaCO2 level? Normal PaO2 level?

Answer 25

pH: 7.35-7.45 PaCO2: 45-35mmHg PaO2: 75-100mmHg

Question 26

A patient's ABG tests come back with the following results: Ph 7.39 paCO2: 41mmHg PaO2: 95mmHg What do these lab values indicate?

Answer 26

The patient is showing normal lab values for an ABG test.

Question 27

The amount of O2 molecules bound to your Hemoglobin is measured by what diagnostic test?

Answer 27

Pulse Oximetry test.

Question 28

A Peak Flow Meter measures what in a patient? What is it used for identifying?

Answer 28

The strength and ability to push air out of your lungs. Often used for Asthma effect tests.

Question 29

A Green Zone range in a Peak Flow Meter test would be in what percentage range? What about Yellow? Red?

Answer 29

Green is 80-100% Yellow is 50-80% Red is anything below 50%

Question 30

What is the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate measurable with a Peak Flow Meter?

Answer 30

up to 600 L/min

Question 31

A patient's HCO3- range should be how many mEq/L?

Answer 31

22-26 mEq/L

Question 32

Expectoration, and Tracheal suction are methods of Sputum studies. What is one other method of culturing Sputum?

Answer 32

A Bronchoscopy

Question 33

Inhalation of an irritating aerosol to forcefully induce expectoration is called what?

Answer 33

Sputum Induction

Question 34

What is a CXR?

Answer 34

Chest X-ray

Question 35

A Fluoroscopy involves passing what through the body over a period of time? What does this allow for?

Answer 35

It's the Passing of x-rays through the body. It allows for real-time videos of the movements inside of a body.

Question 36

A CT scan (Computed Tomography) is used to do what?

Answer 36

Used to Diagnose suspicious Lesions.

Question 37

If a physician notices a suspicious lesion on a patient which of these tests would he use to assess the lesion? a.) Fluoroscopy b.) CXR c.) CT scan

Answer 37

c.) CT scans assess suspicious lesions

Question 38

IF a Ct scan is inconclusive, a physician might try an MRI next. An MRI test, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, assesses for what?

Answer 38

MRIs are for an in-depth diagnosis of lesions that a CT scan can't give. It's also for differentiating Vascular and Non-Vascular structures.

Question 39

If A nurse wants to do a test for discerning between Vascular and Non-Vascular structures in a body, which test would be done: a.) CT scan b.) MRI c.) Fluoroscopy d.) CXR

Answer 39

b.) MRI scans for in-depth analysis of lesions as well as discerning vascular and non-vascular structures.

Question 40

An Angiography done on someone would check for the health of what?

Answer 40

The health of your blood vessels and how blood is flowing through them.

Question 41

A patient shows signs of CHD (coronary heart disease) such as chest pain. The physician orders a test to assess for the patients' blood vessel health by using a scan to see how the blood travels through his vessels. Which test would the physician use? a.) MRI b.) Fluoroscopy c.) CXR d.) Angiography e.) Ct scan

Answer 41

d.) Angiography is used to see how blood flows through the vessels

Question 42

A V/Q scan (Ventilation Perfusion scan) tests what?

Answer 42

The Ventilation and Perfusion of the lungs.

Question 43

A radioactive gas is inhaled to outline the alveoli in what diagnostic test? a.) CXR b.) Angiography c.) Lung Biopsy d.) V/Q scan

Answer 43

d.) V/Q scan involves the patient inhaling radioactive gas to outline the alveoli

Question 44

A patient inhales radioactive dust during a V/Q scan. The reports show a very small, almost nonexistent amount of radioactive gas in the alveoli after inspiration. What would this finding suggest?

Answer 44

There is a lack of perfusion, or a lack of airflow to the lungs.

Question 45

What is perfusion in the lungs?

Answer 45

Perfusion is the flow of blood to alveolar capillaries.