Exam 2, Week 5: Stroke Flashcards
There are different types of strokes: Ischemic and Hemorrhagic strokes. Based on the names, what would you assume is the cause of these two types of strokes?
-Ischemic strokes are due to ischemia, which is a shortage of blood and oxygen to tissues as a result of a blockage or obstruction.
In ischemic strokes you have 2 subcategories: Thrombus and Embolus.
-Hemorrhagic strokes are due to hemorrhaging. blood vessels rupturing in the brain.
Hemorrhagic strokes can be caused by an aneurism rupture, vasospasms (Blood vessels rapidly close and rupture), and AVM’s.
Hemiplegia is associated with muscular changes in a stroke. Hemiplegia means what?
What does this name tell you about it? What do you often see in stroke patients involving their muscular changes?
“Hemi-“ means “Half”
“-plegia” means paralyzed.
So Hemiplegia means paralysis of one half/side of the body.
This will manifest as “Right-sided weakness” or “Left-sided paralysis.”
Hyper/Hypotonia and Hyper/Hyporeflexia are associated with stroke victims. What do they names tell you about their symptoms?
Hypo/Hyperreflexia should be obvious, but what about Hypo/Hypertonia?
Hyper/Hyporeflexia means greater or lesser reflexes.
-“tonia” refers to muscle tone. You can think of it by recognizing “tone” in -tonia.
So, Hyper/Hypotonia means greater or weaker muscle tone.
Hypotonia is flaccid, and Hypertonia is spastic.
DysphaGia is a patient lacking the ability to properly what?
Swallow
Dysphagia: G for gag.
DysphaSia is a patient losing the ability to do what?
Comprehend language
Dysphasia: S for speech
Agraphia is Lossing the ability to do what?
Write
Akinesia is the loss in voluntary what?
Voluntary movement
Dysarthria is loss of muscle control with what?
Loss of muscle control with speech.
Akinesia and Dysarthria are similar in that they both involve the muscles, but they are different in that Akinesia is the loss of what?
Dysarthria is the loss of what?
Akinesia is the loss of skilled voluntary movement.
Dysarthria is the loss of muscle control with speech
Damage to the right side or left side of the brain is paradoxical with which side of the brain has changes.
If there is stroke damage to the left side of the brain, which side will be adversely affected? What about for the right?
Right sided stroke means left-sided neglect.
Left sided means right sided neglect.
Agnosia is the inability to do what correctly?
Ex; You hand a patient a pen and they do what?
Agnosia is the inability to use an object correctly.
The patient may use a pen as a fork, or just hold it not knowing what to do.
Apraxia is the inability to perform what?
Apraxia is the inability to perform a task on command.
If someone is having a stroke, you need to act F.A.S.T!
What does F.A.S.T. mean?
Face (Is it drooping/Uneven)
Arm (One arm hanging down)
Speech (Slurred speech)
Time (Call 911/EMS)
