Exam 2 - Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

in microbiology, an increase in cell number

A

Growth

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2
Q

cell division following the enlargement of a cell to twice its minimum size

A

Binary Fission

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3
Q

the time required for a population of microbial cells to double

A

Generation Time

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4
Q

a cell division process
whereby new cell material is produced from
a single point instead of along the entire cell

A

Budding Division

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5
Q

an attached polysaccharide matrix
containing bacterial cells

A

Biofilms

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6
Q

growth of a microbial
population in which cell numbers double
within a specific time interval

A

Exponential Growth

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7
Q

a closed-system microbial
culture of fixed volume

A

Batch Culture

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8
Q

a device that allows for the
continuous culture of microorganisms with independent control of both growth rate and cell number

A

Chemostat

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9
Q

a nutrient solution
required for growing a laboratory culture of
a specific microorganism

A

Culture Media

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10
Q

a culture medium for
which the exact composition is known

A

Defined Media

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11
Q

a culture medium of
highly nutritious substances for which the
exact composition is unknown

A

Complex Media

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12
Q
A

Aseptic Technique

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13
Q

a transporter that consists of only a membrane-
spanning protein and is typically driven by energy from the proton motive force

A

Simple Transport

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14
Q

an energy-dependent transport system in which the substance transported is chemically modified during the process of being transported by a series of proteins

A

Group Translocationport System

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15
Q

a membrane transport system consisting of three proteins, one of which hydrolyzes ATP; the system transports specific nutrients into the cell

A

ABC (ATP-binding-casette) Transport

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16
Q

biochemical reactions leading to energy
conservation (usually as ATP) by the cell

A

Catabolism

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17
Q

an organism that obtains its energy from the oxidation of organic compounds

A

Chemoorganotroph

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18
Q

an organism that can
grow with inorganic compounds as
electron donors in energy metabolism

A

Chemolithotroph

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19
Q

organisms that use light as their source of energy

A

Phototroph

20
Q

an organism that uses organic compounds as a carbon source

A

Heterotroph

21
Q

an organism capable of biosynthesizing all cell material from CO2 as the sole carbon source

A

Autotroph

22
Q

the series of biosynthetic reactions by which most phototrophs and many chemolithotrophs convert CO2 into organic compounds

A

Calvin Cycle

23
Q

energy available to do work; G09 is free energy under standard conditions

A

Free energy

24
Q

a reaction that releases free energy

A

Exergonic

25
Q

a reaction that requires free energy

A

Endergonic

26
Q

the reduction of N2 to NH3 by the enzyme nitrogenase

A

Nitrogen Fixation

27
Q

the enzyme complex required to reduce N2 to NH3 in biological nitrogen fixation

A

Nitrogenase

28
Q

proteins that contain heme prosthetic groups

A

Cytochromes

29
Q

First pathway in the catabolism of glucose

A

Glycolysis

30
Q

Protein complexes embedded in the bacterial membrane that transport electrons and protons conserving energy

A

ETC

31
Q

Metabolic pathways that use energy

A

Anabolism

32
Q

Electron Acceptor

A

Chemical entity that receives electrons in a REDOX reaction

33
Q

Mixotrophy

A

Organism that uses organic compounds as carbon sources but inorganic compounds as electron donors for energy metabolism

34
Q

Glyoxylate cycle

A

A modification of the citric acid cycle in which isocitrate is cleaved to form succinate and glyoxylate during growth on two carbon electron donors

35
Q

Carboxysome

A

Polyhedral cell inclusions that improve the efficiency of RubisCO by maintaining high concentrations of CO2

36
Q

Phototaxis

A

Directed movement of an organisms toward or away from a light gradient

37
Q

Proton Motive Force

A

Source of energy derived from the electrochemical potential caused by the separation of protons from hydroxyl ions across the cytoplasmic membrane

38
Q

Turbidity

A

Reduction of light passing through a culture, can be calculated to estimate microbial abundance in liquid broth

39
Q

Quinone

A

Nonprotein electron carrier present in most electron transport chains

40
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Process of ATP synthesis that involves oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor

41
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation

A

Generation of ATP from a phosphorylated organic molecule

42
Q

Flow cytometry

A

Based on fluidics, uses a laser to count cells that pass through a very small capillary.

43
Q

Dilution

A

Addition of a solvent to a microbial culture decreases the concentration of the microbial organism

44
Q

Anammox

A

NH4 + NO2- 🡪 N2 + 2H2O

45
Q

FADH2

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide