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Microbiology > Chapter 2 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Vocabulary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a substance unique to endospores that confers heat resistance on these structures

A

Dipicolinic acid

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2
Q

a highly heat-resistant, thick-walled, differentiated structure produced by certain gram-positive Bacteria

A

Endospore

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3
Q

the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from Bacteria

A

Endosymbiotic hypothesis

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4
Q

along,thin cellular appendage that rotates (in Bacteria) or has a whiplike motion (in Eukarya) and is responsible for swimming motility

A

Flagellum

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5
Q

gas-filled cytoplasmic structures bounded by protein and conferring buoyancy on cells

A

Gas vesicles

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6
Q

highly basic proteins that compact and wind DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

A

Histones

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7
Q

the shape of a cell—rod, coccus, spirillum, and so on

A

Morphology

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8
Q

an organelle of endosymbiotic origin present in certain microbial eukaryotes that oxidizes pyruvate to H2, CO2, and acetate, and couples this to ATP synthesis

A

Hydrogenosome

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9
Q

a filamentous polymer of fibrous keratin proteins, supercoiled into thicker fibers, that functions in maintaining cell shape and the positioning of certain organelles in the eukaryotic cell

A

Intermediate filament

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10
Q

a combination of lipid with polysaccharide and protein that forms the major portion of the outer membrane in gram-negative Bacteria

A

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

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11
Q

an organelle containing digestive enzymes for hydrolysis of proteins, fats, and polysaccharides

A

Lysosome

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12
Q

a particle of magnetite (Fe3O4) enclosed by a nonunit membrane in the cytoplasm of magnetotactic Bacteria

A

Magnetosome

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13
Q

the nuclear division that halves the diploid number of chromosomes to the haploid

A

Meiosis

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14
Q

a filamentous polymer of the protein actin that helps maintain the shape of a eukaryotic cell

A

Microfilament

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15
Q

a filamentous polymer of the proteins α-tubulin and β-tubulin that functions in eukaryotic cell shape and motility

A

Microtubule

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16
Q

the respiratory organelle of eukaryotic organisms

A

Mitochondrion

17
Q

nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are replicated and partitioned into two daughter cells during cell division

A

Mitosis

18
Q

the organelle that contains the eukaryotic cell’s chromosomes

A

Nucleus

19
Q

a phospholipid- and polysaccharide-containing unit membrane that lies external to the peptidoglycan layer in cells of gram-negative Bacteria

A

Outer membrane

20
Q

a polysaccharide
composed of alternating repeats of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid arranged in adjacent layers and
cross-linked by short peptides

A

Peptidoglycan

21
Q

a gel-like region between the outer
the surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and the inner surface of the lipopolysaccharide layer of gram-negative Bacteria

A

Periplasm

22
Q

having flagella located in many places around the surface of the cell

A

Peritrichous flagellation

23
Q

movement of an organism toward light

A

Phototaxis

24
Q

thin, filamentous structures that extend from the surface of a cell and, depending on type, facilitate cell attachment, genetic exchange, or twitching motility

A

Pili

25
Q

having flagella emanating from one or both poles of the cell

A

Polar flagellation

26
Q

a common storage material of prokaryotic cells consisting of a polymer of β-hydroxybutyrate or another β-alkanoic acid or mixtures of β-alkanoic acids

A

Poly-b-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB)

27
Q

an outermost cell surface layer composed of protein or glycoprotein present on some Bacteria and Archaea

A

S-layer

28
Q

the lumen of the chloroplast, surrounded by the inner membrane

A

Stroma

29
Q

a phosphorylated polyalcohol found in the cell wall of some gram-positive Bacteria

A

Teichoic acid

30
Q

a membrane layer containing the photosynthetic pigments in chloroplasts

A

Thylakoid

Microbiology (6 decks)

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