Exam 2: Surgical Conditions of Lower Airway

Question 1

What are the conditions of the lower airway

Answer 1

Diaphragmatic hernia
Lung lobe torsion
Lung bullae/bleb
Pulmonary neoplasia
Thymoma
Pyothorax

Question 2

What is the pathophysiology of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 2

Indirect injury
Increase in abdomen pressure when glottis open
Increases peritoneal to pleural gradient
Rupture of diaphragm
Herniation of viscera

Question 3

Which organs are most commonly herniated on the right side

Answer 3

Liver, small intestines, pancreas

Question 4

Which organs are most commonly herniated on the left side

Answer 4

Stomach, spleen, small intestines

Question 5

What are characteristics of congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 5

Weimaraner
Long hair cats
May not show symptoms until older
Asymptomatic animals-conservative
Symptomatic-surgery
90% good prognosis

Question 6

What is the etiopathogenesis of lung lobe torsion

Answer 6

Deep chested dogs: right middle or left cranial lobes. Spontaneous vs secondary
Pugs, Yorkshire, cats

Question 7

What are the etiopathogenesis of pulmonary bleb/bullae

Answer 7

Cysts-thin walled cavity, fluid or air-filled
Bleb or bullae-No epithelial lining
Secondary to rupture of alveoli

Question 8

What is the etiopathogenesis of pulmonary neoplasia

Answer 8

Primary lung neoplasia (carcinoma)
Old animals
Chronic coughing, lethargy
Anorexia, weigh loss
Metastasis

Question 9

What are the etiopathogenesis of thymoma

Answer 9

Common cranial mediastinal mass
Cats-thymic lymphoma
Older animals
Sarcomas
Lymphoma

Question 10

What is the etiopathogenesis of Pyothorax

Answer 10

Infectious (mycoplasma spp)
Penetrating injuries
Migrating foreign body
Hematogenous
Neoplasia
Diskospondylitis (dogs)
Pneumonia (cats)