EXAM 2 STUDY SET - CH 12 Flashcards
ETC takes place in the?
mitochondria
What is the purpose of the ETC in the mitochondria?
Build surplus of H+ in intermembrane space.
Creates electrochemical [gradient].
The electrochemical gradient produced by the ETC drives?
ATP synthesis during cellular respiration in the mitochondria.
Mitochondria: Cardiolipin
Inner membrane.
Structure and function of respirasome - essential in ATP synthesis.
Mitochondria produce _____ through _____.
ATP
cellular respiration - aerobic respiration (req’s O)
Mitochondria: Inner Membrane
Folds - cristae, increase surface area.
Holds proteins involved in ETC.
Where chemical rxns take place to carry out mitochondria functions.
Mitochondria: Outer Membrane
covers surface
Mitochondria: Intermembrane Space
space btw inner and outer membrane
Mitochondria: Cytosol
Cytosolic chaperones promote mitochondrial protein import under normal conditions.
Role in stress-response pathways associated w/ mitochondrial protein import defects.
Smooth ER (SER): Structure
Part of continuous membrane organelle w/i cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Smooth ER (SER): Function
synthesis and storage of lipids - including cholesterol and phospholipids (used in production of new cellular membrane).
Rough ER (RER): Structure
Ribosomes attached.
2D array of flattened sacs that extend across cytoplasm.
Btw nucleus and SER.
Rough ER (RER): Function
Manufactures membranes and secretory proteins.
The ribosomes of the RER do what?
Synthesize proteins via translation (make proteins).
Produces Ab’s.
Produce insulin.
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis / Clathrin Mediated Endocytosis
Process were cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins, viruses by inward budding of plasma membrane (invagination).
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis Mech
Protein / larger complex binds to receptor on cell surface.
Clathrin make region of membrane invaginate.
Breaks off, fuses to form vesicle.
Clathrin
Specialized protein that makes a region of membrane invaginate.
Polymerizes into lattice network around growing membrane bud (clathrin-coated pit)
Cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol)
Synthesized in mitochondria.
Organizes protein components of oxidative phosphorylation.
Folic Acid
Converted into coenzyme tetrahydrofolate.
Plays role in synthesis is AA’s.
Sphingolipid
In plasma membrane.
Important in lipid rafts.
Can initiate programmed cell death.
Sphingosine
Backbone of sphingolipid.
Second messengers in reg. of cell growth, differentiation, and death.
Membrane Lipid
Amphipathic.
Hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
FA Tail Components
Hydrophobic
Polar Head Groups
Alcohol and Phosphate Components.
Hydrophilic.
The Hydrophobic Effect
Drives membrane formation.
van der Waals interactions btw hydrophobic tails
stabilize membranes
