EXAM 2 STUDY SET - CH 12

Question 1

ETC takes place in the?

Answer 1

mitochondria

Question 2

What is the purpose of the ETC in the mitochondria?

Answer 2

Build surplus of H+ in intermembrane space.

Creates electrochemical [gradient].

Question 3

The electrochemical gradient produced by the ETC drives?

Answer 3

ATP synthesis during cellular respiration in the mitochondria.

Question 4

Mitochondria: Cardiolipin

Answer 4

Inner membrane.

Structure and function of respirasome - essential in ATP synthesis.

Question 5

Mitochondria produce _____ through _____.

Answer 5

ATP

cellular respiration - aerobic respiration (req’s O)

Question 6

Mitochondria: Inner Membrane

Answer 6

Folds - cristae, increase surface area.
Holds proteins involved in ETC.
Where chemical rxns take place to carry out mitochondria functions.

Question 7

Mitochondria: Outer Membrane

Answer 7

covers surface

Question 8

Mitochondria: Intermembrane Space

Answer 8

space btw inner and outer membrane

Question 9

Mitochondria: Cytosol

Answer 9

Cytosolic chaperones promote mitochondrial protein import under normal conditions.
Role in stress-response pathways associated w/ mitochondrial protein import defects.

Question 10

Smooth ER (SER): Structure

Answer 10

Part of continuous membrane organelle w/i cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Question 11

Smooth ER (SER): Function

Answer 11

synthesis and storage of lipids - including cholesterol and phospholipids (used in production of new cellular membrane).

Question 12

Rough ER (RER): Structure

Answer 12

Ribosomes attached.
2D array of flattened sacs that extend across cytoplasm.
Btw nucleus and SER.

Question 13

Rough ER (RER): Function

Answer 13

Manufactures membranes and secretory proteins.

Question 14

The ribosomes of the RER do what?

Answer 14

Synthesize proteins via translation (make proteins).
Produces Ab’s.
Produce insulin.

Question 15

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis / Clathrin Mediated Endocytosis

Answer 15

Process were cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins, viruses by inward budding of plasma membrane (invagination).

Question 16

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis Mech

Answer 16

Protein / larger complex binds to receptor on cell surface.
Clathrin make region of membrane invaginate.
Breaks off, fuses to form vesicle.

Question 17

Clathrin

Answer 17

Specialized protein that makes a region of membrane invaginate.
Polymerizes into lattice network around growing membrane bud (clathrin-coated pit)

Question 18

Cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol)

Answer 18

Synthesized in mitochondria.

Organizes protein components of oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 19

Folic Acid

Answer 19

Converted into coenzyme tetrahydrofolate.

Plays role in synthesis is AA’s.

Question 20

Sphingolipid

Answer 20

In plasma membrane.
Important in lipid rafts.
Can initiate programmed cell death.

Question 21

Sphingosine

Answer 21

Backbone of sphingolipid.

Second messengers in reg. of cell growth, differentiation, and death.

Question 22

Membrane Lipid

Answer 22

Amphipathic.

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic.

Question 23

FA Tail Components

Answer 23

Hydrophobic

Question 24

Polar Head Groups

Answer 24

Alcohol and Phosphate Components.

Hydrophilic.

Question 25

The Hydrophobic Effect

Answer 25

Drives membrane formation.

Question 26

van der Waals interactions btw hydrophobic tails

Answer 26

stabilize membranes