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Biochemistry 304 > CH 12 Lipids and Cell Membranes P1 > Flashcards

CH 12 Lipids and Cell Membranes P1 Flashcards

1
Q

Membrane Structure

A

sheet-like
2 molecules thick
form closed boundaries
most are electrically polarized

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2
Q

Membranes are composed of?

A

lipids and proteins

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3
Q

Lipids and proteins can be decorated w/?

A

carbs

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4
Q

Membrane Lipids

A

amphipathic molecules
form closed bimolecular sheets
prevent movement of polar / charged molecules

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5
Q

Membrane Proteins

A

mitigate impermeability of membranes

allow movement of info across cell membrane

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6
Q

Membranes are what type of assemblies?

A

noncovalent

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7
Q

Membranes are asymmetric, meaning?

A

outer surface always diff from inner surface

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8
Q

Membranes are what types of structures?

A

fluid

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9
Q

What are the key constituents of Lipids?

A

FAs

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10
Q

Fatty Acids (FAs)

A

chains of H-bearing C atoms w/ carboxylic acid at one end, methyl group at other.

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11
Q

What can be saturated or unsaturated?

A

FAs

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12
Q

FA C atoms are normally numbered beginning w/ the?

A

carboxyl terminal C atom

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13
Q

How do you label the C atoms in FAs?

A

C2 - alpha

C3 - beta

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14
Q

FAs can also be numbered from this group:

A

methyl C - omega C

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15
Q

FA names are based on their?

A

parent hydrocarbons

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16
Q

FAs vary in what properties?

A

chain length

degree of unsaturation

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17
Q

What normally have an even number of C atoms.

A

FAs

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18
Q

What are the most common numbered chains of FAs?

A

16C and 18C

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19
Q

What are the most common db’s in FAs?

A

cis configuration

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20
Q

In polyunsaturated FAs the db’s are sep’d by?

A

at least one methylene group

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21
Q

What enhances the fluidity of FAs?

A

short chain length

presence of cis db’s

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22
Q

Common Membrane Lipid Types

A

phospholipids
glycolipids
cholesterol

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23
Q

Phospholipid Structure

A

four components:

  1. 1-2 FA tails
  2. platform
  3. phosphate
  4. alcohol
24
Q

Common Phospholipid Platforms

A

glycerol

sphingosine

25
Q

Phosphoglycerides / Phosphoglycerols

A

phospholipids w/ a glycerol platform

26
Q

How are Phosphoglycerides / Phosphoglycerols formed?

A

when an alcohol is added to a phosphatide

diacylglycerol 3-phosphate

27
Q

Phosphoglycerides are derived from ____ by ____.

A

phosphatidate

formation of ester bond btw phosphate and an alcohol

28
Q

Sphingomyelin

A

common membrane lipid

primary OH of sphingosine esterified to phosphorylcholine

29
Q

Glycolipids

A

carb-containing lipids derived from sphingosine

carb linked to primary alcohol of sphingosine

30
Q

Cerebrosides

A 
simplest glycolipids
single sugar (glucose / galactose)
31
Q

Gangliosides

A

branched chain

as many as 7 sugar molecules

32
Q

The carbohydrate components of glycolipids are on the ____ where they ____?

A

extracellular surface of cell membrane

play role in cell-cell recognition

33
Q

Cholesterol

A

lipid based on a steroid nucleus

modified steroid, FA chain attached to one one, OH on other end

34
Q

In membranes the OH group of cholesterol interacts w/?

A

phospholipid head groups

35
Q

Membrane lipids contain which two moieties (properties)?

A

hydrophilic
hydrophobic
(aka amphipathic)

36
Q

FA tail components provide?

A

hydrophobic properties

37
Q

FA alcohol and phosphate components provide?

A

hydrophilic properties

38
Q

Phospholipids and Glycolipids readily form?

A

bimolecular sheets in aqueous media

39
Q

Membrane Bimolecular Sheet Formation

A

amphipathic nature of constituent lipid molecules.

phospholipids and glycolipids spontaneously form lipid bilayers in aq soln.

40
Q

Membrane formation is driven by?

A

the hydrophobic effect.

41
Q

These stabilize membranes:

A

van der Waals interactions btw hydrophobic tails.

42
Q

These attractions exist in membranes:

A

electrostatic and H-bonding

btw polar heads groups and water molecules.

43
Q

Micelles are readily formed by?

A

ionized FAs

44
Q

Liposomes / Lipid Vesicles

A

aq compartments enclosed by lipid membrane (bilayer)

45
Q

Protein-Liposome Complexes

A

investigate membrane protein functions

46
Q

Liposomes

A

formed via sonicating a mixture of phospholipids in aq soln.

drug delivery systems.

47
Q

Planar Bilayer Membranes

A

examine membrane properties like ion permeability in presence of voltage diff across membrane.

48
Q

Glycine-Containing Liposomes

A

formed via sonication of phospholipids in presence of glycine, free glycine removed by gel filtration

49
Q

Lipid Bilayers

A

highly impermeable to ions / most polar molecules

50
Q

Small molecules can cross lipid bilayers bc

A

hydrophobicity (lack of polarity)

51
Q

Lipid Bilayers have low permeability for?

A

ions

polar molecules

52
Q

Membrane Proteins

A

allow transport of molecules and info across membrane

53
Q

The % of variation in membranes is from?

A

< 20 to 75

54
Q

Membrane Proteins can by visualized by?

A

SDS-PAGE

SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

55
Q

Membrane Protein types reflect:

A

biochemistry occurring in cell

Biochemistry 304 (14 decks)

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