Exam 2 - Stomach

Question 1

what are the labeled structures?

Answer 1

1. fundus
2. body of the stomach
3. pyloric antrum

Question 2

which image is of a dog? which is of a cat? how can you tell?

Answer 2

dog - left
- pylorus in the right cranial abdomen

cat - right
- stomach is more j-shaped, stomach is shifted to the left, & pylorus is located closer to midline

Question 3

in a right lateral view, what should be seen in the fundus & pylorus?

Answer 3

fundus - gas filled

pylorus - fluid filled

Question 4

in a left lateral view, what should be seen in the fundus & pylorus?

Answer 4

fundus - fluid filled

pylorus - gas filled

Question 5

what lateral view is this?

Answer 5

right

Question 6

what lateral view is this?

Answer 6

left

Question 7

why is a left lateral essential for foreign body patients?

Answer 7

need to assess with the pylorus being gas-filled to look for the presence of a foreign body

Question 8

why take the left lateral view first in a potential foreign body patient?

Answer 8

fill the pylorus & duodenum with gas

Question 9

is this normal? what is it?

Answer 9

yes

rugal folds of the stomach

Question 10

what should the appearance be of a normal gastric axis?

Answer 10

parallel to the ribs

Question 11

what are some differentials that could cause deviation of the gastric axis?

Answer 11

deep-chested dogs - normal variant

altered liver size - microhepatia or hepatomegaly

diaphragmatic hernia

Question 12

what are these rads representing?

Answer 12

deviation of the gastric axis

left - hepatomegaly pushing the gastric axis caudally & mildly dorsal

right - microhepatia shifting the axis cranially

Question 13

what are 3 causes of gastric displacement?

Answer 13

1. hiatal hernia
2. gastroesophageal intussusception
3. diaphragmatic hernia

Question 14

what are 3 general causes of changes in gastric shape & size?

Answer 14

GDV, gastric dilation without volvulus, & chronic pyloric outflow obstruction

Question 15

what are you diagnosing?

Answer 15

GDV

pylorus displaced dorsally (right lateral) to the left, compartmentalization of the stomach, & gas dilation of the esophagus

Question 16

what is key in diagnosing a GDV?

Answer 16

position of the pylorus & duodenum

Question 17

what is this? how can you support your diagnosis?

Answer 17

360 GDV

presence of esophageal dilation, splenic displacement, or inability to pass a stomach tube

Question 18

T/F: a gravel sign may be seen on radiographs in an animal with chronic obstructions

Answer 18

true

Question 19

why is this concerning?

Answer 19

foreign material present in the dorsal aspect of the pylorus is concerning for material anchored in the pylorus & extending into the duodenum

Question 20

what is seen in this left lateral view of a dog with chronic vomiting & weight loss?

Answer 20

partial pyloric outflow obstruction - large soft tissue opacity mass

Question 21

what are the number one gastric neoplasias for dogs & cats?

Answer 21

1. dogs - adenocarcinoma
2. cats - lymphoma