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DI II > Exam 2 - GI Ultrasound > Flashcards

Exam 2 - GI Ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

from top to bottom, name the layers seen on a normal ultrasound of the gi tract?

A
  1. serosa
  2. muscularis
  3. submucosa
  4. mucosa
  5. mucosal surface
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2
Q

in terms of echogenicity, describe the normal appearance of:
1. serosa
2. muscularis
3. submucosa
4. mucosa
5. mucosal surface

A
  1. hyperechoic, thin
  2. hypoechoic, thin
  3. hyperechoic
  4. hypoechoic, thick
  5. hyperechoic, thin
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3
Q

what is this structure seen on ultrasound? what is the normal wall thickness in dogs & cats?

A

stomach

3-5mm in dogs

2mm in cats

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4
Q

what are the differences seen between the two stomachs seen on ultrasound?

A

rugal fold present in the photo on the left

no rugal folds seen on the image on the right because the stomach is more full

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5
Q

label the structures 1-3

A
  1. pyloric antrum
  2. duodenum
  3. liver
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6
Q

between the duodenum, jejunum, & ileum, list from thickest to thinnest

A

duodenum: <5mm in dogs, 2-4mm in cats

ileum: 2-3mm

jejunum: 2-3mm

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7
Q

what is the normal colon thickness on ultrasound for dogs & cats?

A

dogs: 1-2mm

cats: 1.5-2mm, <1.7mm

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8
Q

what is this ultrasound image of?

A

normal colon

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9
Q

what is this ultrasound image of?

A

normal transverse image of duodenum

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10
Q

in this ultrasound of the colon, what are the blue & green arrows pointing to?

A

blue arrow - gas in the colon

green arrow - feces in the colon

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11
Q

what may be seen on ultrasound for an animal with a gastric foreign body?

A

hyperechoic interface, strong/clean distal acoustic shadowing, & surrounded by fluid

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12
Q

what is this ultrasound image indicative of? why?

A

gastric foreign body

hyperechoic interface with distal strong/clean acoustic shadowing

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13
Q

what is seen in this ultrasound image of the stomach in an 11 year old dog with a distended abdomen?

A

thickened gastric wall

layers remain but are less distinct

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14
Q

in this ultrasound image of the stomach in a dog that has been vomiting for 3 days, what are you concerned about? why?

A

gastric ulcer

ulcer crater, defect in the mucosal layer, & hyperechoic crater/gas within the wall

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15
Q

what would be seen on ultrasound in an animal with a pyloric outflow obstruction due to congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

A

circumferential thickening & thickening of the muscularis layer

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16
Q

what would be seen on ultrasound in an animal with a pyloric outflow obstruction due to chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy?

A

muscularis or mucosal layer is thickened

17
Q

what is the big sign seen on ultrasound that leads you to concern about a pyloric outflow obstruction?

A

fluid dilated stomach

18
Q

a 10 year old dog presents with chronic vomiting, and this is seen on ultrasound. what are you thinking?

A

broad based mass in the antrum through the pylorus & into the duodenum with the muscularis layer preserved deep to the mass

cancer

19
Q

what is this?

A

corrugation of the small intestines

20
Q

what is the common ultrasonographic appearance of a foreign body intestinal obstruction?

A

dilated small intestines orad to the foreign body & non-dilated small intestine aborad to the foreign body with distal acoustic shadowing

21
Q

if you have an animal with a linear foreign body, what may be seen on ultrasound?

A

plication, hyperechoic line, & less severe dilation

22
Q

what is seen on this ultrasound of the intestines?

A

plication

23
Q

what is this image of?

A

intussusception

24
Q

what are 3 general causes of intussusception?

A

parasitism, foreign bodies, masses/nodules

25
Q

what layers of the intestine are thickened as indicated by the blue & white arrows?

A

blue - mucosal

white - muscularis

26
Q

there are linear hyperechoic striations seen in the mucosal layer of the intestines - 3 differentials?

A

lymphangiectasia

IBD

post-prandial change

27
Q

what are some differentials for diffuse intestinal wall thickening?

A

enteritis, IBD, lymphangiectasia, muscularis hypertrophy, lymphoma, & round cell neoplasia

28
Q

what are some differentials for focal loss of intestinal wall layering?

A

neoplasia

abscess

granuloma

29
Q

what are the cancers associated with causing focal-loss of intestinal wall layering in the dog?

A

adenocarcinoma

lymphoma

leiomyosarcoma

30
Q

what are the cancers associated with causing focal-loss of intestinal wall layering in the cat?

A

lymphoma

adenocarcinoma

mast cell

31
Q

this ultrasound image is of the colon, and it’s a benign lesion. what is it?

A

rectal polyp

32
Q

the blue arrows are pointing to the walls of the colon showing diffuse thickening. what are some differentials?

A

inflammatory - colitis

lymphoma - can be more severe & see loss of layers

DI II (6 decks)

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