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DI II > Exam 2 - GI Contrast > Flashcards

Exam 2 - GI Contrast Flashcards

1
Q

what is the example given of negative contrast for gi studies?

A

gas/air

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2
Q

what are the 3 examples given for positive contrast medias used for gi studies?

A

ionic-iodinated

barium sulfate

non-ionic iodinated

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3
Q

what kind of contrast media is ionic iodinated?

A

early water soluble iodinated (iodine-based) contrast media

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4
Q

why is ionic iodinated contrast media not commonly used?

A

it has a high osmolality & has a higher degree of adverse reactions

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5
Q

what studies may use barium sulfate?

A

esophagrams, upper gis, gastrograms, & colonograms

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6
Q

what are the cons of using barium sulfate?

A

it’s not absorbed by the gi tract, so leakage into the pleural/peritoneal cavities can cause pleuritis/peritonitis with severe adhesions & granulomas

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7
Q

why is aspirating barium sulfate so bad?

A

small amount is relatively inert, but a large amount can cause inflammation leading to lung lobectomies & death

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8
Q

what kind of contrast media is non-ionic iodinated?

A

lower osmolar compound than ionic, so it has fewer adverse reactions

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9
Q

how can non-ionic iodinated media be given safely?

A

IV, intrathecally, orally

safe in pleural & peritoneal cavities

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10
Q

what are the cons of using non-ionic iodinated media?

A

aspiration will cause pulmonary edema

acute & late adverse reactions are possible

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11
Q

why should you put your patient in left lateral recumbency if using negative contrast media?

A

helps decrease the risk of fatal embolism

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12
Q

what gases lower the risk of an air embolism associated with using negative contrast media?

A

CO2 & NO2 - more soluble gases

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13
Q

what is this study? when may you use it?

A

pneumocolonogram

  • determine location of the colon
  • small intestinal dilation vs. colon
  • location of foreign bodies
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14
Q

how would you perform this study?

A

insert air into the rectum using a red rubber catheter & radiograph the patient immediately (VD & opposite laterals as needed)

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15
Q

what is this study? when may you use it?

A

barium enema/colonogram

  • determine location of colon
  • small intestinal dilation vs. colon
  • location of foreign bodies
  • colonic torsion/stricture
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16
Q

how would you perform this study?

A

insert barium into the colon using a red rubber

radiograph immediately

17
Q

what must be done to do a gastrogram/pneumogastrogram?

A

fast the patient for 12-24 hours

18
Q

how would you perform this study?

A

administer barium/air via an orogastric tube & radiograph immediately

19
Q

what is this study? when may you use it?

A

gastrogram/pneumogastrogram

  • foreign body, mass
  • identify the location of the stomach
20
Q

when is an upper gi study indicated?

A

vomiting without evidence of obstruction on survey rads, motility disorder, evaluate mass identified on rads/palpation, & concern for ulceration

21
Q

what are contraindications of an upper gi study?

A

PERFORATION - no barium!!!!

intractable vomiting, evidence of surgical lesions, fractious animal, or planning to do an abdominal ultrasound

22
Q

what is the purpose of an upper gi study?

A

using a positive contrast medium to evaluate the stomach & small intestines

23
Q

what two mediums are typically used for upper gi studies?

A

barium sulfate & non-ionic iodinated

24
Q

how is an upper gi study performed?

A

give medium via syringe or orogastric tube

25
Q

what is the time that the contrast media should reach the colon in dogs?

A

1-4 hours

26
Q

what is the time that the contrast media should reach the colon in cats?

A

1 hour

27
Q

at what times should radiographs be taken if doing an upper gi study on a dog?

A

0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, & 240 minutes

28
Q

when should the stomach be empty in an upper gi study on a dog?

A

2 hours - begins to empty ~15 minutes in normal animals

29
Q

when should the stomach be empty in an upper gi study on a cat?

A

30 minutes

30
Q

at what times should radiographs be taken if doing an upper gi study on a cat?

A

0 minutes, 30 minutes, 60 minutes

31
Q

when does your upper gi study end?

A

mechanical obstruction is identified or the contrast is in the colon & the stomach is empty

32
Q

what are the pitfalls of upper gi studies?

A

insufficient contrast medium given

failure to complete study

failure to note times on images

33
Q

what must be noted on radiographic images of upper gi studies?

A

the time!!!!

34
Q

what obstructional pattern is seen here?

A

intraluminal pattern - foreign body or intraluminal mass

35
Q

what obstructional pattern is seen here?

A

mass in wall & stricture

36
Q

what obstructional pattern is seen here?

A

extramural - mass outside the wall causing compression/displacement

37
Q

should you do a contrast procedure before an ultrasound?

A

no

DI II (6 decks)

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