Exam 2 - Large Intestines Flashcards
what is outlined in blue?
normal colon
what is the white arrow pointing to?
cecum
what is the white arrow pointing to?
cecum
what direction does the object pointed to in white run?
caudal to cranial
what is this?
ascending colon
what part of the colon runs perpendicular in cranial abdomen?
transverse colon
what are the general causes this appearance? what is the condition?
mixed gas & poorly formed feces
colitis
what inflammatory differentials can cause this radiographic appearance? what infectious processes?
inflammatory
- pancreatitis
- dietary indiscretion
infectious
- parasites
- viral enterocolitis
how would you measure this cat if you’re suspicious of megacolon?
ratio of the colon to the length of L5
if <1.28, normal
if >1.48, megacolon
how would you measure this dog if you’re suspicious of megacolon?
ratio of the colon to the length of L7 - less firm for dogs
what organs should you consider for pathology if there is displacement of the colon & rectum?
medial iliac lymph nodes
urinary bladder/prostate gland
perineal hernia
why may the medical iliac lymph nodes be enlarged & causing displacement of the rectum & colon?
infiltrative disease - neoplasia, fungal
reactivity to primary disease elsewhere
lymphadenitis
why may the urinary bladder/prostate cause displacement of the rectum & colon?
enlarged due to urinary obstruction, prostatic neoplasia in neutered dogs, prostatitis in intact dogs, & prostatic hyperplasia in intact males
what animals are over-represented with perineal hernias?
intact male dogs
what causes perineal hernias?
weakening or complete failure of musculature of the diaphragm of the pelvis - these muscles help keep abdominal contents from entering the rectum/pelvic canal
what is suspected of causing displacement of the rectum/colon?
severely enlarged medial iliac lymph nodes
in this 7 year old, male intact bulldog with tenesmus & straining, what is suspected of causing displacement of the rectum/colon?
enlarged prostate
what is this? what is it associated with causing in regards to the colon/rectum?
bilateral perineal hernia
displacement of the rectum/colon
in this 10 year old, female spayed doberman with intermittent bloody diarrhea, what is seen on the radiograph that could be causing these clinical signs?
colonic mass
this 8 year old german shepherd presented for anorexia - a mid-abdominal mass with intralesional gas is seen on the radiograph. what is suspected?
cecal mass
what is this ‘sign’ called? what pathology is it consistent with? differentials?
meniscal sign
intussusception
gi parasites, foreign body, enteritis (parvo), masses, & prior surgery
what are the labeled structures?
star - intussusceptum
lightening bolt - intussuscipiens
what is the flow of ingesta in the horse?
cecum - right ventral colon - sternal flexure - left ventral colon - pelvic flexure - left dorsal colon - diaphragmatic flexure - right dorsal colon - transverse colon - descending colon
what 2 gi conditions can be diagnosed radiographically in the horse?
sand colic & enteroliths
what is the pictured?
sand colic in the horse
what is this pictured?
enteroliths
