Exam 2 - Small Intestines Flashcards
what is outlined in green?
duodenum - pretty fixed location
what are the arrows pointing to?
top - cranial duodenal flexure fixed along the caudal right liver by the hepatoduodenal ligament
bottom - caudal duodenal flexure fixed to the descending colon by the duodenocolic fold
what view can you assess the duodenum?
left lateral
what is outlined in green?
duodenum
what is this? is it normal? what causes it?
pseudoulcer in a dog
yes
indentations in the duodenal mucosa at the sites of lymphoid follicles (peyer’s patches)
is this normal in the cat?
yes - string of pearls appearance
what can you do to assess whether you’re looking at the intestines or colon?
pneumocolonogram
what is the normal diameter of the small intestines in the dog? how is it measured?
<1.6mm, normal
ratio of small intestinal diameter to the height of the L5 vertebral body measuring serosa to serosa
what is an abnormal diameter of the small intestines in the dog? what is it supportive of?
> 1.9-2.0mm
supportive of obstruction
what is the normal diameter of the small intestines in the cat?
less than 12mm diameter measuring serosa to serosa
what is ileus?
temporary arrest of intestinal peristalsis
if this is functional ileus, how would you describe the radiographic appearance?
diffuse dilation of the intestinal tract due to decreased/absent motility
what are some examples of causes of functional ileus?
gastroenteritis, pancreatitis, peritonitis, etc
what is the exception to the two population rule in mechanical ileus?
if there is a distal obstruction, you would see diffuse small intestinal dilation
what is the main radiographic finding associated with mechanical ileus?
‘two populations of small intestines’
what kind of ileus is suspected here? why?
mechanical ileus
2 populations of bowel seen
what type of ileus is associated with the ‘gravel sign’?
partial mechanical ileus
what is the gravel sign?
granular debris that has accumulated proximal to the obstruction
what is the typical history of an animal with a partial obstruction from mechanical ileus?
chronic or intermittent vomiting, weight loss
what is the typical history of an animal with a complete obstruction from mechanical ileus?
acute vomiting
this is an example of what kind of mechanical ileus?
complete obstruction
what are the blue arrows pointing to?
gravel sign
this is an example of what kind of mechanical ileus?
partial obstruction
there is a specific radiographic appearance associated with this condition. what is it? describe it
linear foreign body
plication/bunching of the small intestines
multiple, fragmented, irregularly shaped gas bubbles in the intestinal tract, duodenum displaced medially in the VD view, & may see material in the dorsal aspect of the pylorus on the left lateral view
