Exam 2 Skeletal system

Question 1

Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

• Support, Protection
• Ess. for locomotion
• Site of blood cell formation
• Stores inorganic materials such as calcium

Question 2

What are the different classifications of bone: (6 )

Answer 2

• long bone
• short bone
• irregular bone
• sesamoid bone
• flat bone
• Pneumatic bone

Question 3

Abnormal bone growth:

Answer 3

accessory bones, Heterotopic bones

Question 4

• Longer than wide, cylindrical with a medullary cavity
• Limbs
• Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia etc.)

Answer 4

Long bones

Question 5

Roughly cubical (carpals, tarsals)
Found where mobility is needed, but space is limited

Answer 5

Short bones

Question 6

• Relatively thin bones
• Provide broad surface area for muscle attachment.
• Scapula, frontal, parietal, ribs

Answer 6

Flat bones

Question 7

Irregular shape w/ numerous projections

- vertebrae, scapula

Answer 7

Irregular bones

Question 8

Containing sizable air spaces

• Frontal, maxilla, sphenoid, ethmoid, temporal
• Reduces the weight of the skull

Answer 8

Pneumatic bones

Question 9

Small round bones embedded w/in a tendon

• Patella
• Some are also found in the hands and feet

Answer 9

Sesamoid bones

Question 10

Abnormal bone growth from existing normal bone (bone spurs)

Answer 10

Accessory bone

Question 11

abnormal bone, formed entirely w/in soft tissue

- kidney stones, gall stones

Answer 11

Heterotopic bone

Question 12

Axial skeleton

Answer 12

Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, and rib cage

Question 13

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 13

Limbs and their attachment to the axial skeleton

Pectoral & pelvic girdles

Question 14

Cranial skeleton

Answer 14

bones of the skull

Question 15

Post- cranial skeleton

Answer 15

Bones of the vertebral column, hyoid, rib cage, limbs, pectoral girdle & pelvic girdle

Question 16

Primary center of ossification

Answer 16

Diaphysis: bone shaft

Question 17

ass. w/ area of articulation w/ another bone or site of excessive muscle tension

Answer 17

Epiphysis

Question 18

Secondary ossification center:

Answer 18

Epiphysis

Question 19

Separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis

Answer 19

epiphysis plate

Question 20

Epiphysis plate is composed of:

Answer 20

Hyaline cartilage

Question 21

Layer of dense irregular connective tissue covering outer bone surface

Answer 21

Periosteum

Question 22

The _______ does not cover articular surfaces & where tendons & ligaments attach to bone

Answer 22

Periosteum

Question 23

The periosteum is anchored to outer bone surface by:

Answer 23

Perforating fibers (aka sharpey’s fibers)

Question 24

What are the 2 layer of the periosteum

Answer 24

outer fibrous layer

Inner cellular layer

Question 25

The outer fibrous layer of the periosteum contains:

Answer 25

Type 1 collagen fibers and fibroblast, blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 26

The inner cellular layer of the periosteum contains:

Answer 26

Bone cells: Primarily osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblast cells

Question 27

Very thin connective tissue layer covering inner bone surfaces.

Answer 27

Endosteum

Question 28

Endosteum primarily consist of a single layer of:

Answer 28

Osteoprogenitor cells & osteoblasts

Question 29

Cavity at the center of a long bone

Answer 29

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity)

Question 30

Covers articular surfaces; composed of hyaline cartilage

Answer 30

Articular cartilage