Exam 2 Sherpath Key Notes Terms Flashcards
Acidosis
A condition in which the blood pH is below 7.35.
Acquired Immunity
Immunity that develops after exposure to a foreign substance, either actively (through infection or vaccination) or passively (through antibodies from another source).
Actinic Keratoses
Precancerous skin growths that develop from sun exposure.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
Sudden loss of kidney function that develops over hours or days.
Aldosterone
A hormone that acts on the distal tubule to cause reabsorption of sodium and water, and excretion of potassium.
Alkalosis
A condition in which the blood pH is greater than 7.45.
Alopecia
Localized or general hair loss.
Anasarca
Severe generalized edema.
Anemia
A deficiency in the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), the quantity of hemoglobin, and/or the volume of packed red blood cells (hematocrit).
Antigen
A substance that elicits an immune response.
Aplastic Anemia
A disease in which the patient has peripheral blood pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
A hormone that acts on the kidneys to increase sodium excretion.
Autoimmunity
An immune response against the body’s own tissues or cells.
Benign Neoplasm
A non-cancerous tumor that is well-differentiated and does not metastasize.
Brachytherapy
Internal radiation therapy, involving the placement of radioactive materials directly into or near a tumor.
Carcinogen
A chemical, radiation, or viral agent that can cause a mutation in a cell’s DNA genetic structure, which is the first stage of cancer development
Chemotherapy
The use of drugs to eliminate or reduce the number of cancer cells.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function that develops slowly over months or years.
Creatinine Clearance
A measure of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidneys, closely approximates the GFR.
Dermis
The second layer of the skin, containing blood vessels, nerves, and glands.
Differentiation
The process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
A serious disorder characterized by abnormal clotting followed by hemorrhage.
Dysplasia Nevus Syndrome
A condition of atypical moles with an increased risk for melanoma.
Epidermis
The outermost layer of the skin.