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blood bank > exam 2- serologic techniques > Flashcards

exam 2- serologic techniques Flashcards

1
Q

____ the immunoglobulin that is usually responsible for direct agglutination

A

IgM

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2
Q

(T/F) Immunohematology relies mainly on hemagglutination

between antigens and antibodies

A

true

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3
Q

______ a result of antibody combining with antigen reaction

A

Direct agglutination

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4
Q

_____ test used to detect antibodies bound to RBCs in vivo and in vitro aka Coombs test

A

Antiglobulin test

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5
Q

____ scientists who showed that red cells can combine with antibody without being sensitized

A

Coombs, Mourant and Race (1945)

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6
Q

*____ is formed when an AHG reagent is added to IgG coated RBCs

A

lattice

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7
Q

(T/F) anti-IgG reacts with human globulin on RBCs or free in plasma/serum

A

true

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8
Q

____ an Antiglobulin test that detects antibody bound to RBCs in vivo

A

direct antiglobulin test (DAT)

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9
Q

the following are clinical basis of performing DAT except:

a. autoimmune hemolytic anemia
b. drug-induced hemolytic anemia
c. hemolytic disease of the newborn
d. hemolytic transfusion reaction

A

none of the above :)

all are valid reasons to perform DAT

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10
Q

(T/F) DAT can specify whether the detected ag is in RBCs or plasma

A

false

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11
Q

____ an antiglobulin test that detects in vitro sensitization of RBCs

A

Indirect antiglobulin test

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12
Q

(T/F) IAT can detect both antibody bound to RBCs and free ab in plasma

A

true

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13
Q

the ff are applications of IAT except:

a. antibody identification
b. crossmatch
c. extended antigen typing
d. weak D test

A

all are IAT applications

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14
Q

(T/F) AHG reagent contains both anti-IgG and anti-IgM

A

false

IgG only

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15
Q

(T/F) DAT is a one step test while IAT is two-step

A

true

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16
Q 
which of the ff AHG reagents contains both anti-IgG and
anti-complement?
a. polyclonal
b. polyspecific
c. monoclonal
d. monospecific
A

B

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17
Q 
which of the ff AHG reagents contains multiple cell lines with different
specificities ?
a. polyclonal
b. polyspecific
c. monoclonal
d. monospecific
A

A

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18
Q 
which of the ff AHG reagents contains either
anti-IgG or anti-complement?
a. polyclonal
b. polyspecific
c. monoclonal
d. monospecific
A

D

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19
Q

which of the ff AHG reagents contains an antibody specificity?

a. polyclonal
b. polyspecific
c. monoclonal
d. monospecific

A

C

20
Q

at which step of IAT does ab molecules are allowed to attach to RBC antigens?

a. Incubation of RBCs with serum/antiserum
b. washing step
c. addition of AHG reagent
d. centrifugation

A

A

21
Q

at which step of IAT does is agglutination sped up?

a. Incubation of RBCs with serum/antiserum
b. washing step
c. addition of AHG reagent
d. centrifugation

A

D

forcing cells to get closer

22
Q

(T/F) check cells or sensitized RBCs is a confirming step that checks if AHG is not neutralized by free globulins

A

true

23
Q

_____ is the component of AHG reagent

A

anti-IgG

24
Q

_____ are substances added to the IAT reaction to enhance/ increase sensitivity of the method

A

Potentiators

25
Q 
which of the ff is not a potentiator?
a. Bovine serum albumin
b. LISS
c . PEG
d. PEG
A

none of the above

26
Q

____ a potentiator that enables RBCs coated with antibody to get closer together by disrupting repulsion forces between them

A

albumin

27
Q

____ a potentiator that removes water concentration from the antibodies and increases ab uptake by RBCs?

A

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

28
Q

which of the ff potentiators is good at detecting Rh antibodies?

a. Bovine serum albumin
b. LISS
c. proteolytic enzymes
d. PEG

A

A

29
Q

which of the ff potentiators contain macromolecules and enhances antibody uptake?

a. Bovine serum albumin
b. LISS
c. proteolytic enzymes
d. PEG

A

B

30
Q

(T/F) PEG increases the detection of clinically important antibodies

A

true

31
Q

_____ are enzymes used in blood banking (3)

A

Bromelin (pinya), ficin (figs) and papain (papaya)

32
Q

(T/F) enzyme use is done routinely in the lab

A

false

coz some ag are destroyed

33
Q

(T/F) Enzyme treated RBCs are useful in sorting out mixtures of antibodies

A

true

34
Q

which of the ff is NOT true about the action of proteolytic enzymes?

a. Enzymes cut negatively charged sialic acid molecules from polysaccharide side chains reducing RBC surface charge
b. can be used alone for antibody investigation
c. anti-Jka, Jkb and Rh are enhanced
d. destroys antigens MNSs, FYa, FYb and Xg

A

B

35
Q

which of the ff are NOT possible sources of error in AHG testing?

a. Delay in adding/ reading the AHG (anti-IgG)
b. inadequate/excessive washing
c. failure to add AHG reagent
d. inactive AHG reagent

A

all are sources of error :)

36
Q

(T/F) DAT positive cells can be used in IAT

A

false

cant do this coz in DAT, ab is already bound to RBCs = will get false pos result

37
Q

____ an automated test technique used in DAT and IAT where glass beads or gel are used to “trap” agglutinated RBCs

A

Column Agglutination

38
Q

(T/F) in column agglutination technique, Antibody coated cells are pelleted to the bottom of the column/ microtube while non-coated cells react with the AHG in gel column

A

false

the other way around

ab coated cells = rxn w/ AHG
non coated = pelleted

39
Q

____ an automated test technique used in DAT and IAT; uses test tubes or microplates to immobilize and detect ag-ab rxns

A

solid-phase testing

40
Q

(T/F) in a direct solid phase testing, RBCs or RBC membrance are attached to the microplate wells while in indirect test, the antibodies are in the wells

A

false

the other way around

direct: ab in well, add RBC
indirect: RBC in well, plasma/serum is added

41
Q

(T/F) a positive solid phase testing is an appearance of a button in the well

A

false

direct phase neg rxn

42
Q

____ is used in solid phase reactions; this is attached to the microplate wells and can bind IgGs

A

protein A

43
Q

_____ information system interface in the lab

A

LIS - lab information system

44
Q

____ testing patient or donor plasma/serum for

atypical/unexpected antibodies

A

antibody screen

45
Q

(T/F) in ab screening the patient’s RBCs are tested using donor plasma

A

false

patient serum tested on donor RBC with known phenotype

blood bank (10 decks)

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